ڷԸĵ£ɱ˵ݹ˹ʿȻɱͶ١
εˣͷŹᴩԵĿΡΡǧӰĻվ¶۾ǣƬˮϿӿ
ƣҪˣ
ﲻ䣬ʹͶٵ״̬ôãʹҲζҪһ
˿ռ䣬վˮϵĵ²šǰܹӡ֮ŧһΣȻҲ
֮ǡû̫ǿɱŮܻð¹˹ʿܽŮ֪ǻߣԣ
߹
ս͵ǰһڰŨɫɢڵĻҿ¶̻Իá
ɢƾɳУƴӣ߶ûȫƬˮͻƴŵIJɫƬһǿгˮ֮ϡ
¶ȻԶһĻȻĵµֳֽת첽Ϲߴ̨ס״һߴƽ̨ϢĻĵ֣סӱİ֡
ųɫͷħŮӱ߳ĵǷվһ
ҲһħŮ
ʮĹСĵ۾ƴӵУͶٹЮŹ棬ȻȵϢһɨ顣
ܹΪʩṩƣӽ˫£ͶڱĵºħŮѹŴ
ǣλŮʿβ͵.Ǿβ.ǰʱ䣬ɱһͷء
¶ȼֹ
ϽʿƷ̲¶Ц⣬ʲôûܽŮԼǰĻ档
ȵħŮ֮⣡
ĵ롰ͬʱǰָɢĻƽɫâˢ߹ʴ䡱ͶٽڽڰˣôҲ벻
ɫͷŮٴ³˳ȵϢȻȵ˹ͼУĵûһУѪϢͬС
ⲻߵĵСӰӣĵеġҹˡȻŵ滮һۡǵУɢŻâܽŮֱ
ĵҲû뵽һĻ
ĵ¾ϹȻ޵ĺ̺紦ҵĿռ䡣ͶپĿŮʲôҲûֶһŻ档ˡ䡿ڲһ̣ưܵijȼ˴Ȼȼա
ܽŮǻʵʮһʿ
ڶռ䣬ˮͶĵȴǿܽŮӰʧĵ³ԭ֮հͶٵҹˡǰĿչߣȫ˰ŻƾɶС
ͶٱչߡУˮ֮ϡΧһлʧ˼²żѵ
ͷŮҲĵǷ»ص˱СЩĵ½Լ˫վˮϣŲԶDZˣǺͯ
ԵܽŮѾ˺ۼ˫֣ջأֲͲС
¶վ
ֵˣⳡսҲýˡ
Ҳ̲Ϳľͷ
ڤҫˮϣͶٿЦվ
ܶԭġ
ƣֽŵԼǰĵȻ֪ҪʲôǼæǰɨ¹ֻǰͶĹڰȻû
ڻˮͷĺڰУǺڰڤµĹâҲˡ
Ϣ㾲ĵµȴȻ֪жҪˣ
ɫĹʾ֣ƬڰĻˮ֮ϣ߸ָһֻͬſĵĹָ֣ҲӺڰĻˮ档
ĵ¸оԼѪѹѾҪߵѪҺëµĿֻŸ֪ԲǷӦýӴĴڡ
ʲô
ƹľӡǡ
ģֻӡǣDZõġ
ûǰңĵ˰Ϊʲôֽƣⲻƽ
ΪDZѡߡˣԿƣҪʲôأ
Ц
ֻʾְˮ棬ŻƽڵľͷϢĴӺڰ̽ۿŻƽɫĻ磬֮䣬Ƿ·ûһеĺڰ
ĵ»зŵصС
ǹ
ӼԶĵ̧ͷֻͷ֮ϣٸڰͬʱͣǸĺߵ¶͵ǰܣȻ߿գɫƮɢɫƽͷ
лƽǹȾϰɫâɬεףǹᴩǰĺڰС
ҲըУٸǹĵͷ֣ոմĩĺڰ¶ͷľáȶu
һĻ.
ԵϽʿס̾
ڽ壬ȻһǹſڣݼɫĹѸţͶٵ֪Ӻδ
㡪֮
飬ʱڴ˿̣սᣬΰɱѡԼܱһС
ˮȻôڹᴩĵ£Ȼվԭˡ
Ϊʲô.
ӡǣƽıѡͶǹɢȫͶ³֣ڤҫϥˮϣѾûмսˡ
Ȼѡ츳ǿչֻһʿǴ˹û˶ħ츳Ȼѹĵµĵˡ
ȣһսᣬĩû塣
ĵµȻ֣ǰƷɻǡƽ⡿롾ڰҲĵ¿ֱͬ۰вݵֽƣ
ң㲻ýƵʩչղһ
ڸոӭʱŷ֣ԭƣԵƵЧƵգƺԶҶƵա
.
еֽƣģ
ĵѯʵʹҹˡָˮ档
Ҵǻȥ˺ܶط1849궬ǰ´½´½ϲӵķ⣬һŴżһͭɫУҲǴʱҵ츳ԽԽǿ
Ͷٵֽƣ
ȻDzУʹѾ´ߵһȻ
ԵܽŮͰ¹˹ʿսѾҲվ̲ͿıԵ¶һңĵͶ١
ڤ°ҫԭͣפٴΰˮľͷȥһϢ˵ׯϺ£һкʥ
ԶУֻĵºͰͶվԶȥİӰǵӰҲЩģ
һѾˣĵ²ͶԷ̸䣬öԷԼصߣ
ô뽫ȥ
ǵģ¸һСһû̫塣ֻΨһĹʣΨһҸ
ײײҪתˮ
ҲãѾ˴뿪뿪ȥѰ.ǸýˣѾǺͯһǴ.
ĵĸЩӰǰȥֻµˮϡ
εûһţͷƵʹĵ¼˿δκһܹ˱ҡ
ϣʢֱĹ¡
ʹŵͶ٣ȻֲҽϣĸһЩ˥ܵĻɫ·Щ·ƺǴˮ֮ˣǿҵĵ¶о˾֣伴ʹҲأ
䣿
˸ŵˮ棬ˮ²δ
ˣл˲Ϣ
ıѡߣУʹķˡÿԽΪǣλԶ䣬Ƭ䡣ˣȫɥʧ˱ѡʸκֶ
һDzףΪ
Ц
㡣
ĵ͵ػͷղолʱķ紵ȴʲôûУ
ҲΪԼһУۡ
ĵ̵뵽ûȥˮһŵİͶ
ԼĻ̌ͷִξڤ¡¹˵Ĵ⣬˵ˣܴ˿̡
ˡ
ʲô
ʹİͶˮ棬ǿԼ塣 Ҫһ뿪һ̧ͷȴһ˫ѥͣԼǰ
һ˫ɫŮʿ̲ѥװԵϵǺɫġϿЬŰ˫ȣȻǺɫ黨ȹȻŮʿ׳ȻǰŵĽ۹ȻǴſƬIJȻ.
ͶˮϣʵĿĵһֲֻڿڴ̾Ϣǰˣdz̲ǰˣˮϵӰ
һж˵İڤҫһУȻůȴᡣ
ڰˮϣȻǺӰǵĹ⡣ȥĵ·ָͣפڴ˵Dzһеյ㡣
ȻĵºϲĻˡ
ȶСĿ꣬1סskjvvx;ֻĶַskjvvx
εˣͷŹᴩԵĿΡΡǧӰĻվ¶۾ǣƬˮϿӿ
ƣҪˣ
ﲻ䣬ʹͶٵ״̬ôãʹҲζҪһ
˿ռ䣬վˮϵĵ²šǰܹӡ֮ŧһΣȻҲ
֮ǡû̫ǿɱŮܻð¹˹ʿܽŮ֪ǻߣԣ
߹
ս͵ǰһڰŨɫɢڵĻҿ¶̻Իá
ɢƾɳУƴӣ߶ûȫƬˮͻƴŵIJɫƬһǿгˮ֮ϡ
¶ȻԶһĻȻĵµֳֽת첽Ϲߴ̨ס״һߴƽ̨ϢĻĵ֣סӱİ֡
ųɫͷħŮӱ߳ĵǷվһ
ҲһħŮ
ʮĹСĵ۾ƴӵУͶٹЮŹ棬ȻȵϢһɨ顣
ܹΪʩṩƣӽ˫£ͶڱĵºħŮѹŴ
ǣλŮʿβ͵.Ǿβ.ǰʱ䣬ɱһͷء
¶ȼֹ
ϽʿƷ̲¶Ц⣬ʲôûܽŮԼǰĻ档
ȵħŮ֮⣡
ĵ롰ͬʱǰָɢĻƽɫâˢ߹ʴ䡱ͶٽڽڰˣôҲ벻
ɫͷŮٴ³˳ȵϢȻȵ˹ͼУĵûһУѪϢͬС
ⲻߵĵСӰӣĵеġҹˡȻŵ滮һۡǵУɢŻâܽŮֱ
ĵҲû뵽һĻ
ĵ¾ϹȻ޵ĺ̺紦ҵĿռ䡣ͶپĿŮʲôҲûֶһŻ档ˡ䡿ڲһ̣ưܵijȼ˴Ȼȼա
ܽŮǻʵʮһʿ
ڶռ䣬ˮͶĵȴǿܽŮӰʧĵ³ԭ֮հͶٵҹˡǰĿչߣȫ˰ŻƾɶС
ͶٱչߡУˮ֮ϡΧһлʧ˼²żѵ
ͷŮҲĵǷ»ص˱СЩĵ½Լ˫վˮϣŲԶDZˣǺͯ
ԵܽŮѾ˺ۼ˫֣ջأֲͲС
¶վ
ֵˣⳡսҲýˡ
Ҳ̲Ϳľͷ
ڤҫˮϣͶٿЦվ
ܶԭġ
ƣֽŵԼǰĵȻ֪ҪʲôǼæǰɨ¹ֻǰͶĹڰȻû
ڻˮͷĺڰУǺڰڤµĹâҲˡ
Ϣ㾲ĵµȴȻ֪жҪˣ
ɫĹʾ֣ƬڰĻˮ֮ϣ߸ָһֻͬſĵĹָ֣ҲӺڰĻˮ档
ĵ¸оԼѪѹѾҪߵѪҺëµĿֻŸ֪ԲǷӦýӴĴڡ
ʲô
ƹľӡǡ
ģֻӡǣDZõġ
ûǰңĵ˰Ϊʲôֽƣⲻƽ
ΪDZѡߡˣԿƣҪʲôأ
Ц
ֻʾְˮ棬ŻƽڵľͷϢĴӺڰ̽ۿŻƽɫĻ磬֮䣬Ƿ·ûһеĺڰ
ĵ»зŵصС
ǹ
ӼԶĵ̧ͷֻͷ֮ϣٸڰͬʱͣǸĺߵ¶͵ǰܣȻ߿գɫƮɢɫƽͷ
лƽǹȾϰɫâɬεףǹᴩǰĺڰС
ҲըУٸǹĵͷ֣ոմĩĺڰ¶ͷľáȶu
һĻ.
ԵϽʿס̾
ڽ壬ȻһǹſڣݼɫĹѸţͶٵ֪Ӻδ
㡪֮
飬ʱڴ˿̣սᣬΰɱѡԼܱһС
ˮȻôڹᴩĵ£Ȼվԭˡ
Ϊʲô.
ӡǣƽıѡͶǹɢȫͶ³֣ڤҫϥˮϣѾûмսˡ
Ȼѡ츳ǿչֻһʿǴ˹û˶ħ츳Ȼѹĵµĵˡ
ȣһսᣬĩû塣
ĵµȻ֣ǰƷɻǡƽ⡿롾ڰҲĵ¿ֱͬ۰вݵֽƣ
ң㲻ýƵʩչղһ
ڸոӭʱŷ֣ԭƣԵƵЧƵգƺԶҶƵա
.
еֽƣģ
ĵѯʵʹҹˡָˮ档
Ҵǻȥ˺ܶط1849궬ǰ´½´½ϲӵķ⣬һŴżһͭɫУҲǴʱҵ츳ԽԽǿ
Ͷٵֽƣ
ȻDzУʹѾ´ߵһȻ
ԵܽŮͰ¹˹ʿսѾҲվ̲ͿıԵ¶һңĵͶ١
ڤ°ҫԭͣפٴΰˮľͷȥһϢ˵ׯϺ£һкʥ
ԶУֻĵºͰͶվԶȥİӰǵӰҲЩģ
һѾˣĵ²ͶԷ̸䣬öԷԼصߣ
ô뽫ȥ
ǵģ¸һСһû̫塣ֻΨһĹʣΨһҸ
ײײҪתˮ
ҲãѾ˴뿪뿪ȥѰ.ǸýˣѾǺͯһǴ.
ĵĸЩӰǰȥֻµˮϡ
εûһţͷƵʹĵ¼˿δκһܹ˱ҡ
ϣʢֱĹ¡
ʹŵͶ٣ȻֲҽϣĸһЩ˥ܵĻɫ·Щ·ƺǴˮ֮ˣǿҵĵ¶о˾֣伴ʹҲأ
䣿
˸ŵˮ棬ˮ²δ
ˣл˲Ϣ
ıѡߣУʹķˡÿԽΪǣλԶ䣬Ƭ䡣ˣȫɥʧ˱ѡʸκֶ
һDzףΪ
Ц
㡣
ĵ͵ػͷղолʱķ紵ȴʲôûУ
ҲΪԼһУۡ
ĵ̵뵽ûȥˮһŵİͶ
ԼĻ̌ͷִξڤ¡¹˵Ĵ⣬˵ˣܴ˿̡
ˡ
ʲô
ʹİͶˮ棬ǿԼ塣 Ҫһ뿪һ̧ͷȴһ˫ѥͣԼǰ
һ˫ɫŮʿ̲ѥװԵϵǺɫġϿЬŰ˫ȣȻǺɫ黨ȹȻŮʿ׳ȻǰŵĽ۹ȻǴſƬIJȻ.
ͶˮϣʵĿĵһֲֻڿڴ̾Ϣǰˣdz̲ǰˣˮϵӰ
һж˵İڤҫһУȻůȴᡣ
ڰˮϣȻǺӰǵĹ⡣ȥĵ·ָͣפڴ˵Dzһеյ㡣
ȻĵºϲĻˡ
ȶСĿ꣬1סskjvvx;ֻĶַskjvvx