һֳ̣˶ˡ
ʲô
һֱԽһξȻǰԼһƱͶ˽
ֳĹǶǾˣһΣЩ֮ǰһֱԽģǾýס㡷ʵ̫ˣҲɲƱѹµʱĿˣ
ʲôԭһֳ̣ĹǼģһΣλʦͶƱûõϾƱרŵƱ˰
ʶ֮ǰһֱԽһֱҲ磬ڽôôãܲ˵˰ɣ
ǺǣһоһαһʹСˡ֮ǰЩ˼ҾǼķƫҪץŲţĴҲ覴ˣϵۣǺǣҲǰƱͶˡ
֮ǰ˵һ˽¸ϵܺã֪Ǽ٣֮ǰһһֱԽǰƱ˺죬Ҿоġ
Уڲô˵һõƱרŵƱֻƱѡ֮ǰȽһƱרŵƱӮˣһιƸûˡ
Ҳǣαӣ˻á
ǷǺʦѾǸˣ˵ֽĿαǵıݻиˣǾ͵Ҫ˽˸飬ij𣿡
ǣôԺʦЩġ
Ǻǣԣ˵Ƕģ֮ǰװ࣬Խأô˵ˣ
ϢҵУ쿴õרŵƱ˿ҲסˡʼƽĮľȺš
ȻõƱ
ȻҲƱͶ
ȭͷһ̣оԼƺһӣԾľǼӿֻҺͲõԤٴϯȫ
ƱרŵƱԼҪһƱ
һ̾ľлǿҲЩ£רŵƱDZȺһƱȻ֪ҲѹһƱͶ˽֮顣˵ѹˣ͵˵δ¸衶㡷ʲô覴ѵ˵̫ˣ
ȷеԽܡ
һڽרŵƱȺͣѺӮˣרƱȺһƱҲ˵ѾһƱˡ֮ǰǽǣˡ
Ӯ
лǿﶼûףһĺ죬֪˿Ҳǻŵġ
ڣˣҲֻκıݣDZܹõƱɡ
պ߹ݸҲ͵͵һۺ죬ĻҪҪӮǿɾе˰
֮ӿҺͶƵıˣȶӣرǶƣʵĺǿӿңһʵҲеģȻһ㣬¡
Ϣҵһᣬεݾƽ壬Ц˽
ĿⲻɫںϿһۣƺ̫õӣҲɨһۣǿЦ˵
õ˹һڵĽѾˣҪҪһԼأ
εЦеģҪһĿЧ
ڣαǿûɶϵģеҪ֪һڵ
ѽ鵼ͱЩеûˣֱӹɡ
տڣεݼ״ҲЦǺǵġ
аɣһǾֱһ㡣
һ˼ӣһƽͬĿɨһۣǿһ߹ݵĸ֣Цʵ
СžԼһܹ߹ݳɹ𣿡
ε⻰ҲοЦ˵õֱһأ
߹ݸСҲЩţεôԼҲǻش˵
Ҳ̫λʦеûף
εЦЦ̾Ϣһ˵ܿϧСţ˼ˣһ߹ʧˡ
С㡣
ε⻰СȻѾ߹ʧܵǵ֪ʱٻЩʧġ
ϺܿǴһĨЦݣˣû£ܹһθôʦ̨ͬǺܺõˡ
αﵹһ߹ݸ߹ʧˣҲζαһڲ̭
ţϣСżͣǸֵ̨Զӭ㡣
˵˼ij滰֮εǿǣҲûĿЧֱ˵
Ҿֱ˵˹
ա
űˡ
εݰʱͣһ£Ŀں컹нɨһۡһͣ٣ú˶ǽ
˭Լ
ǽ߱ˣ
죬1147Ʊ
1254Ʊ
ڶӿң1255Ʊ
һƣ1284Ʊ
εݰǰĽ֮ǶһĿǿ˺졣
ֻ˿̺üͷ壬ƺЩ㱡
һ˽
Ҳˣ˴˿̸оԴһƬհס
ԼȻˣ
ô
ԼȻˣ
ԽŶ벻ףһĸͱݶǾƵİһڸд̫ãǶʱܡһʹдļһЩϲķϿ
ǽأ
Լˣ˽Ϊʲô
Щ벻ף˿̸оؿһڶѻоһϢС
лǿҲˣˣ
˿̣ӿԼõƱһ̣һֱûʲô仯ɫ˼죬ü
нĻĸ֣ԼƱֻһƱ
ӿҶԼĸֽƱЩȵģ˵еԽܡ
ԼȻһͱĸָˣ
֮ǰȻԼҲȥʱԼ״̬ǺܺãǸк֮ǰܹԼһΣȫԼڷˮԼ״̬̫á
Լ״̬֮ҲûгԼһΣҲԼ״̬ͦõİȻһͱ⻪ĸֽˡ
ӿʱǿһ۽ľͱСĻĸ֣ԼһбҪһˡ
ҲǷ⣬Ŀڽӿɨ
Ӯ˺죬һӮӿң
˵ƱһƱѣôIJ࣬ջкεǶЩ
һƱһƱIJѣ
εݿĿУżڴˡ
֮ǰ˵Լҵ̣ԼҽĿϱαѹ̳DZˡǰȻһӮӿңƺҲֻǽңܿDZ״̬ӿҸˣ˵ڶüˡ
߸ӿҵƱͲһƱúεݿϣ
˵һܹλʵǿαأΪ̳һ
һڵ¼ƾôˣαǸ뿪
ߣ¼ƣϾǷɻ˼
лǿ밲οοǿdzĬӣ˵ĻҲ˻ȥ֮̾ϢһҲǻȥϢˡ
ɳϣ˫ۣԺвԾľijԽ룬ԽǷ꣬㲻ˣԼıҲ¸軹ȥӭֳĹڣô˽أ
ʱϴҲˣƿžǿ˺ɳӡĽĿ¼ƽҲ֪ˣʵ˵ҲǺܺáԼҲ벻ףΪʲôء
Ҳ˶ϴˣѾûкˣֻǿһۣ
Ҳû˵Ĭ˺һᣬǿ˵
Ϻ˵ǵķDzǴˣ
ϴĻҲЩɻ֪Ϊʲôô˵
DzǾͲӦȥӭϹڣԼĸˮƽһ㣬иоζƳ֣ҪʱúȥƷζΪӭϹڣΪӮѸдļ˲٣û֮ǰĸߡ
ҾǾͲӦȥӭϹڵĿζֳģȥ־У̨ˣǻרһس
һֱƺе˷һ䣬ˣҲΪ̫ˣֳݵʱ̫̣ϸϸƷζŻ䡣
һΣΪΪȥӭϹڣǿаѸļһЩûôˡǻⲻ̫ϾڿζгķǶġ
DzҪȥӭϣȥı䣬ȥԼֳģȥԼ֣ͺą́˲ҪרĵֻҪӮǶûʲôġ
רĸ֮ǰĴģ϶ûġרߵĸڡֻ̨֡мӵĸʱ䡣ϵĸһһȥȥܣרһؾĹؼڡ
̨ˣȻϧֻҪרӮһжʲô
ԼϴĻ˸ϸ룬ƺ־мֵĬƬ̣Ҳ˵
ãǾרĽϣѶϺһ
ߣμ꡶֡¼ƣȥμӡ߱߳չٽĿ¼ˡչ¼ʱҲʱ䣬ȥ³DZߣ¼ƽǻصкߣæŹ˾顣
רҪˣѾʮһµˣʮ»вһܵʱ䡣ߣǺDZߣרԤȶˡ
ϹרȶҲǺܸߣȻ۷籩Ӱ컹ͦġΪһʮʱҪרЩԷ˿ǻǺֵ֧ġ
˶Ԥȣ֮ǰ˶ԣרͬһͬһʱ䷢˵ĶԹϣרpkĻҩζͦŨġ
ʱǡ֡ڲʱ䣬ھƵдС˵ĹʼǡѾʮˣվ߾ɼǰƷȫȶȶܸߡʮˣһܸϰˡؼǣЩѶСͷ˾ȨIPӪ
дС˵һϷģյ˽Ϣ
֮ǰȥʹѩġ¾硷ǼŵģϢҲЩ졣
С˵߱߳һ¼ƽ˰ûпհиѣ³ϵDZһµӰҪһǣҾܲҾƼ㣬ҪҪȥ
ϢȷЩȣû뵽λݾȻƼԼȥѵĵӰλ³ϵݽҲ֪ģĵӰ⼸ǵݣϲϲ磬üӰԱҪȥĵӰء
û뵽ȻƼԼ
ĵӰ
룬֮ҲеģԺҲҪ漰ȦģܹвŻĴݺҲѧܶࡣ˵ϵˣȥ͵ʦѧգҲԼ֮ӰҵаرĵӰһ顣
룬Ǿȿ籾˵
ҿԵģȿ籾
û⣬ҰѳµƸ㣬ġ
ƼĺѣӵģԼߵĺ֤ˣһdz³ϵݣ֮ͬ³ϵֱǿżɽѾ籾˹˵
Сǰɣ籾㷢ŶϽ˵Ϸ츳ĩпյĻԾ
ɴֱӡ
dzµĵһӡҲǻظ˵
Уĩԡ
ҲûԼƼȥֱӳˣϾ˼ҳµҲǴݣҪԱǡԼôһûʲôƷֻڽDZ߿ʹûһĽɫѣ˼ֱԼ
˿ڳ³ϵߣڸȾأЩʡ
⽭˵ôţ
Լе£ҺѽȾԼµӰ顣˵ԼһֱûжϽǸԼƼ˽һ˵жãݼж˵ʹһɫֻмļӵϷݣȴ¡
óµҲЩ棬⽭ô
֪ģϾڽô𣬵ϷеҲûСݼ۾ֻȥЩ̱ż磬ɹû
ǽ죬ԼѰѽ˵ôóµҲܺ棬ҲʹӦҲҪԾأɲ
ȵЩˣʶȽѣЩ˾ƣϺͮͮġ
٣ϳ²Ҹ˵СݼЩԱУһģҾöܱȵһЩϷˡ
µֻϸոӵĽĺѣǺˡ
˵ģҵʱɵúúÿDz˵ô
ưɣԺʺµӰ
ߣſһ³µľ籾ԽԽǾеϤµⲿµӰ֣˫̽һɼϲĵӰ
Խ籾ԽǾϤⲻǡ˽̽
ֻЩط̫ѣǴŵݵǸ˽̽ࡣ仰˵µⲿµӰ˫̽ǡ˽̽ijʼɡ
Ҫǿž籾Щط̫һҪɣµòҲǴԽİɣ
籾ǻȥԡ
ظ˳µȷȥԾʱ֮ǰֻźȥϴˡ֣Żϴ·߽ԡҡ
ﻹסˣͻھƵסš
ϰ˵㣬֡ڽĿʽ
ȶСĿ꣬1סskjvvx;ֻĶַskjvvx
ʲô
һֱԽһξȻǰԼһƱͶ˽
ֳĹǶǾˣһΣЩ֮ǰһֱԽģǾýס㡷ʵ̫ˣҲɲƱѹµʱĿˣ
ʲôԭһֳ̣ĹǼģһΣλʦͶƱûõϾƱרŵƱ˰
ʶ֮ǰһֱԽһֱҲ磬ڽôôãܲ˵˰ɣ
ǺǣһоһαһʹСˡ֮ǰЩ˼ҾǼķƫҪץŲţĴҲ覴ˣϵۣǺǣҲǰƱͶˡ
֮ǰ˵һ˽¸ϵܺã֪Ǽ٣֮ǰһһֱԽǰƱ˺죬Ҿоġ
Уڲô˵һõƱרŵƱֻƱѡ֮ǰȽһƱרŵƱӮˣһιƸûˡ
Ҳǣαӣ˻á
ǷǺʦѾǸˣ˵ֽĿαǵıݻиˣǾ͵Ҫ˽˸飬ij𣿡
ǣôԺʦЩġ
Ǻǣԣ˵Ƕģ֮ǰװ࣬Խأô˵ˣ
ϢҵУ쿴õרŵƱ˿ҲסˡʼƽĮľȺš
ȻõƱ
ȻҲƱͶ
ȭͷһ̣оԼƺһӣԾľǼӿֻҺͲõԤٴϯȫ
ƱרŵƱԼҪһƱ
һ̾ľлǿҲЩ£רŵƱDZȺһƱȻ֪ҲѹһƱͶ˽֮顣˵ѹˣ͵˵δ¸衶㡷ʲô覴ѵ˵̫ˣ
ȷеԽܡ
һڽרŵƱȺͣѺӮˣרƱȺһƱҲ˵ѾһƱˡ֮ǰǽǣˡ
Ӯ
лǿﶼûףһĺ죬֪˿Ҳǻŵġ
ڣˣҲֻκıݣDZܹõƱɡ
պ߹ݸҲ͵͵һۺ죬ĻҪҪӮǿɾе˰
֮ӿҺͶƵıˣȶӣرǶƣʵĺǿӿңһʵҲеģȻһ㣬¡
Ϣҵһᣬεݾƽ壬Ц˽
ĿⲻɫںϿһۣƺ̫õӣҲɨһۣǿЦ˵
õ˹һڵĽѾˣҪҪһԼأ
εЦеģҪһĿЧ
ڣαǿûɶϵģеҪ֪һڵ
ѽ鵼ͱЩеûˣֱӹɡ
տڣεݼ״ҲЦǺǵġ
аɣһǾֱһ㡣
һ˼ӣһƽͬĿɨһۣǿһ߹ݵĸ֣Цʵ
СžԼһܹ߹ݳɹ𣿡
ε⻰ҲοЦ˵õֱһأ
߹ݸСҲЩţεôԼҲǻش˵
Ҳ̫λʦеûף
εЦЦ̾Ϣһ˵ܿϧСţ˼ˣһ߹ʧˡ
С㡣
ε⻰СȻѾ߹ʧܵǵ֪ʱٻЩʧġ
ϺܿǴһĨЦݣˣû£ܹһθôʦ̨ͬǺܺõˡ
αﵹһ߹ݸ߹ʧˣҲζαһڲ̭
ţϣСżͣǸֵ̨Զӭ㡣
˵˼ij滰֮εǿǣҲûĿЧֱ˵
Ҿֱ˵˹
ա
űˡ
εݰʱͣһ£Ŀں컹нɨһۡһͣ٣ú˶ǽ
˭Լ
ǽ߱ˣ
죬1147Ʊ
1254Ʊ
ڶӿң1255Ʊ
һƣ1284Ʊ
εݰǰĽ֮ǶһĿǿ˺졣
ֻ˿̺üͷ壬ƺЩ㱡
һ˽
Ҳˣ˴˿̸оԴһƬհס
ԼȻˣ
ô
ԼȻˣ
ԽŶ벻ףһĸͱݶǾƵİһڸд̫ãǶʱܡһʹдļһЩϲķϿ
ǽأ
Լˣ˽Ϊʲô
Щ벻ף˿̸оؿһڶѻоһϢС
лǿҲˣˣ
˿̣ӿԼõƱһ̣һֱûʲô仯ɫ˼죬ü
нĻĸ֣ԼƱֻһƱ
ӿҶԼĸֽƱЩȵģ˵еԽܡ
ԼȻһͱĸָˣ
֮ǰȻԼҲȥʱԼ״̬ǺܺãǸк֮ǰܹԼһΣȫԼڷˮԼ״̬̫á
Լ״̬֮ҲûгԼһΣҲԼ״̬ͦõİȻһͱ⻪ĸֽˡ
ӿʱǿһ۽ľͱСĻĸ֣ԼһбҪһˡ
ҲǷ⣬Ŀڽӿɨ
Ӯ˺죬һӮӿң
˵ƱһƱѣôIJ࣬ջкεǶЩ
һƱһƱIJѣ
εݿĿУżڴˡ
֮ǰ˵Լҵ̣ԼҽĿϱαѹ̳DZˡǰȻһӮӿңƺҲֻǽңܿDZ״̬ӿҸˣ˵ڶüˡ
߸ӿҵƱͲһƱúεݿϣ
˵һܹλʵǿαأΪ̳һ
һڵ¼ƾôˣαǸ뿪
ߣ¼ƣϾǷɻ˼
лǿ밲οοǿdzĬӣ˵ĻҲ˻ȥ֮̾ϢһҲǻȥϢˡ
ɳϣ˫ۣԺвԾľijԽ룬ԽǷ꣬㲻ˣԼıҲ¸軹ȥӭֳĹڣô˽أ
ʱϴҲˣƿžǿ˺ɳӡĽĿ¼ƽҲ֪ˣʵ˵ҲǺܺáԼҲ벻ףΪʲôء
Ҳ˶ϴˣѾûкˣֻǿһۣ
Ҳû˵Ĭ˺һᣬǿ˵
Ϻ˵ǵķDzǴˣ
ϴĻҲЩɻ֪Ϊʲôô˵
DzǾͲӦȥӭϹڣԼĸˮƽһ㣬иоζƳ֣ҪʱúȥƷζΪӭϹڣΪӮѸдļ˲٣û֮ǰĸߡ
ҾǾͲӦȥӭϹڵĿζֳģȥ־У̨ˣǻרһس
һֱƺе˷һ䣬ˣҲΪ̫ˣֳݵʱ̫̣ϸϸƷζŻ䡣
һΣΪΪȥӭϹڣǿаѸļһЩûôˡǻⲻ̫ϾڿζгķǶġ
DzҪȥӭϣȥı䣬ȥԼֳģȥԼ֣ͺą́˲ҪרĵֻҪӮǶûʲôġ
רĸ֮ǰĴģ϶ûġרߵĸڡֻ̨֡мӵĸʱ䡣ϵĸһһȥȥܣרһؾĹؼڡ
̨ˣȻϧֻҪרӮһжʲô
ԼϴĻ˸ϸ룬ƺ־мֵĬƬ̣Ҳ˵
ãǾרĽϣѶϺһ
ߣμ꡶֡¼ƣȥμӡ߱߳չٽĿ¼ˡչ¼ʱҲʱ䣬ȥ³DZߣ¼ƽǻصкߣæŹ˾顣
רҪˣѾʮһµˣʮ»вһܵʱ䡣ߣǺDZߣרԤȶˡ
ϹרȶҲǺܸߣȻ۷籩Ӱ컹ͦġΪһʮʱҪרЩԷ˿ǻǺֵ֧ġ
˶Ԥȣ֮ǰ˶ԣרͬһͬһʱ䷢˵ĶԹϣרpkĻҩζͦŨġ
ʱǡ֡ڲʱ䣬ھƵдС˵ĹʼǡѾʮˣվ߾ɼǰƷȫȶȶܸߡʮˣһܸϰˡؼǣЩѶСͷ˾ȨIPӪ
дС˵һϷģյ˽Ϣ
֮ǰȥʹѩġ¾硷ǼŵģϢҲЩ졣
С˵߱߳һ¼ƽ˰ûпհиѣ³ϵDZһµӰҪһǣҾܲҾƼ㣬ҪҪȥ
ϢȷЩȣû뵽λݾȻƼԼȥѵĵӰλ³ϵݽҲ֪ģĵӰ⼸ǵݣϲϲ磬üӰԱҪȥĵӰء
û뵽ȻƼԼ
ĵӰ
룬֮ҲеģԺҲҪ漰ȦģܹвŻĴݺҲѧܶࡣ˵ϵˣȥ͵ʦѧգҲԼ֮ӰҵаرĵӰһ顣
룬Ǿȿ籾˵
ҿԵģȿ籾
û⣬ҰѳµƸ㣬ġ
ƼĺѣӵģԼߵĺ֤ˣһdz³ϵݣ֮ͬ³ϵֱǿżɽѾ籾˹˵
Сǰɣ籾㷢ŶϽ˵Ϸ츳ĩпյĻԾ
ɴֱӡ
dzµĵһӡҲǻظ˵
Уĩԡ
ҲûԼƼȥֱӳˣϾ˼ҳµҲǴݣҪԱǡԼôһûʲôƷֻڽDZ߿ʹûһĽɫѣ˼ֱԼ
˿ڳ³ϵߣڸȾأЩʡ
⽭˵ôţ
Լе£ҺѽȾԼµӰ顣˵ԼһֱûжϽǸԼƼ˽һ˵жãݼж˵ʹһɫֻмļӵϷݣȴ¡
óµҲЩ棬⽭ô
֪ģϾڽô𣬵ϷеҲûСݼ۾ֻȥЩ̱ż磬ɹû
ǽ죬ԼѰѽ˵ôóµҲܺ棬ҲʹӦҲҪԾأɲ
ȵЩˣʶȽѣЩ˾ƣϺͮͮġ
٣ϳ²Ҹ˵СݼЩԱУһģҾöܱȵһЩϷˡ
µֻϸոӵĽĺѣǺˡ
˵ģҵʱɵúúÿDz˵ô
ưɣԺʺµӰ
ߣſһ³µľ籾ԽԽǾеϤµⲿµӰ֣˫̽һɼϲĵӰ
Խ籾ԽǾϤⲻǡ˽̽
ֻЩط̫ѣǴŵݵǸ˽̽ࡣ仰˵µⲿµӰ˫̽ǡ˽̽ijʼɡ
Ҫǿž籾Щط̫һҪɣµòҲǴԽİɣ
籾ǻȥԡ
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