ڵDNAҪʱ䣬˳Ŷӷܽط־֡
峿ľ칫ңҪǵȴϰϼDZߵĻ
Ҫ֪ͨDNA⣬Ҫܳʱ䣬ǴרҵǶ˵漰飬ּ̡ܴ
ʵDNAʱԷΪݣȾίʱ䣬ξǼǰڴʱ䣬Ǽȶʱ䡣
ǣίʱΪɶأٶȿҪʼӰ졣
һ漰һЩ㷺Ӱ참ʱǿ̲١
оǼǰڴʱ𣬱ֳ֤ʬϵĹëЩĵĴʱͻȽϳҲȽ鷳
ѪҺĻͺܿԴϣι˳ŶڿԵļУҵѪҺ
ЩѪҺʵҪѶʱ䣬ҪȷǣЩѪҺǷʧļϰй
ϾĽϰЩѪҺAB͡
ǾĿǰ˵˳Ŷû취üϰѪҺ˾Ͳжϡ
ǼϰĺӣϰӵƥDNA
Թ˳ŶӲͨϰϼҵĺӣȡѪҺƥ䡣
ܺͼϰƥɹ˵ԵҵЩѪҺϰйء
ҲͿȷϰȷԵС
ˣĿǰǹ˳Ŷӵص㡣
Ҳǰڴʱ䣬ȻDNAļȶʱ䡣
DNA⣬ǽDNAȻDNAвȫԶ
ͼоDNAʦͼֻ
ֻҲһֶѣַһȶԣŶӣͼļѪҺôһDNAⱨ棬Ҫʱ34Сʱѡ
֮ǰ˳ŶҲνйDNA⡣
ĿǰͨõDNAⷽʽSTRҲǶ̴ظзʵ顣
һǽѪҺDNAPCRҲǶøʽӦ
ξëϸܵӾͼ⣬ÿ˶صDNAظģʽ
ͨͼбȶԣȷʬʩǷͬһˡ
DNAķ鼼Ѿ죬ĽǾȷġ
Զʬ廹Ǹ̶ܳȼߵ֯Խм⡣
˳ŶȡѪҺ⣬˿ɿԲɡ.
ڼϰϼDZߵİŵʱ䣬˹˳ŶӣֱңŽӵ˸ߴĵ绰
˳û˵ֱӻߴ㣬Σ
˳ҪǸDNA⣬Ѿƥ
ֱ˵ɡ˳˵
šߴҲûҴţֱ˵ѪҺǷƥ֪ǿƥġ
Ҳ˵ѪҺ⣬ǿȷϵ˳ٴȷϵ˵
ûȷϵȷǸʧŮӵѪҺߴ˵
ʱ˿̣˳Ҳԭء
ڹ˳ԿԵĻɣûд
һеɶָԵ
Ȼ˳ĿǰԵΪʲôҪԼϰ¶֣ǣԵ϶Ѳ˹ϵġ
˳˳𣿡˳ܾûлӦ绰еĸߴС
лл㣬ߴ㣬ⱨ棬֪ôˡ
Ǿͺá˳ѾһƻߴҲǸһ˵ʲôҪģǵʱҡ
УǾɡ
˼ĺѼ䣬˫˫Ҷϵ绰
ʱ˿̣˳ѾdzԼĿǰҪģҵԵ
˵֮ǰЩѪҺ˳ж˭ģЩ֤Ҳ֤棬ʲô
ֻǵʱĹ˳ûг֤ݣڣ˳ţԵѲ˹ϵ
2㡣
ܽط־һѶҡ
Եе
һΣԵҵı鶼Щ֣˵ﲻԣǸо˳ŶƺԼżᶨ
Եʵ˾٣ǵûУǿкܶҪȥûʱһֱ顣
㲻ż¬ޱޱԵʼԹҲ˵һ䡣
¬ޱޱ¼ҲǿԵ˵
Ե˵ЩҴҵĴѪĨֽţ㴢ҵǰѴѪУ㶼֪˭ŵģ
ѽ¬ޱޱʣԵɵͷͣ
ȷʵ֪˭ҼҵģΪҴûЩ
Ҹ㡣¬ޱޱһӣҲû
ЩѪҺѵģ˵дʧٵģЩѪҺȫġ.
㡭˵ʲô¬ޱޱʣѶϵԵȻڵ˵ɫѿ
Ե㻹ҪװʲôʱٿԵҲû
ǡԵһҲǻ˵
ͬ־㡭DzǸˣǿ϶Ǹˡ
ǸˣٺЦһҲûǸ˻㲻ϳϣ
ҸԵͨDNA⣬ƥѼҺӵDNAѪҺȷЩѪҺ˭ģ
ǵóĽǸϰѪҺ
ȴ˵дʧģ֮ܰĹϵƲĸɸɾûʰЩ֤ȫԱ¶Ļԣ
ģ϶⡣ٵʣԵԵûŲѣҲŵ˻ꡣ
Ԭɯɯ̾ϢһҲǻ˵˵Ե֤ȷ䡣
֮ǰҲ˵˵ǼˣаʱûдڿǶ
һֻ˵ǸڣֻԼס
ңֻԼԿףҲûб˶ĺۼ
ңЩѪĨֽţдѪĵУҵġ
ָɵģҲɵЩⶪֳɣ
ֻ˵Ӧ֮ٵ֤ݣֻʱڼеijЩ䡣
ȵͷȥȥЩ֤ȴǾҸš
˵ԬɯɯʣԵĻŲѡ
дſ־壬ƺԼȫûκαĿܡ
ǣԵȴԼ͵ͬ־Ҫңҿ϶ԩġ
뿴ҵЩ֤DzѪҺѾ˺ܶ죿
ûĬĬͷ
ԵϽֵⲻ˵ЩѾҼҺܶ𣿡
ôʱ䣬Ϊʲôһʱ䴦ЩأΪʲôҪһֱڼأ
ѵЩҼУʲôôһôûа
˵ʲôֻ˵ʱ֪ôȴǡñǾҵҲԴǵ
ԵʱĻŲѣҲһɥͬ־ôǽأ飬治Ҹɵġ.
治֪˭DZ뵽ҼңȻЩҼеģ
ҿ϶DZԩģ϶ǣȫǶҵݺ
˶٣Ŭƽ飬ԵֵҲ֪Ŀǰģ
˵Щæµҿ϶һʱϵѡ
ǣΪҵæµûϵһеΣҪ㵽ͷ𣿡
ƺҲϴ尡
Թ˳ŶӵʣԵԵ÷dz꣬ƺԩ
ǣϾЩѪԵҵġ
Ե˵һǧһҲѲ˹ϵ
˿̵Եȫ˻һ˳Ҳǻ˵
˵Լԩģǣ㲢ûκ֤֤Լס
Ҳ֪һеô£˳ԵҲһɥ˵
ͬ־ңҿ϶DZԩģݺңһǵġ
áԵķ˳ҲǸ͵Ļᣬ˵
˵ԩģ㣬ûеʲôˣ
ƺDZ˳ɵǣԵȻڵ
¬ޱޱ״ҲǸϽѣDzеˣ
ǿ϶ġĵ̾ϢһԵҲ˵
ͬ־Ҿ˵ʵɣԵΪĸԱҲãԱҲãǿ϶ìܵġ
ȣǴϰ棬ڹЩˣ˶ڵϰϺˡ
ԣڿҾǸˣϰ岻飬ȥ
ȻڿϰغΣҲ˵˿ˡ
ص̾ϢһԵҲҡͷԣң˭Һѻش𡣡
Ϊҵʵ̫ˣүҲ˳ۡ
ԵôҲԵ߿࣬ҲĿɿڴ
ɲ𣿡٣ԵҲ˵ҾǸģǸ쵼ɣһ֮֮ϰɣվǸġ
ˣҿڿƽˣǣҵˣҲ˵°ɣ
ңǵһҲû˭ѽΪʲôҪأ벻ס.
£ԵҲص̾Ϣһƺ벻ףڼ䵽ʲô
ֳգȻ
¬ޱޱ˼Ƭ̺ҲǼԵ˵Ե˵˺̫ܶ࣬ͳˡ
ø˵һЩʱ䣬ĵ˭
ޣ˸оޡ
ҳӡԵʣ¬ޱޱ²һ䣬˵
øҳҲﲻ㡣
£Եˡ
˿ʼᵱС DzԵ˼ƺҵƥԱ
ӺЩȵIJͷ٣Ҳ˵
˵Ե㵽ûã
ͬ־̧ͷˣԵԲʵ벻˭
㡭һԵ⻰˵ģ˷ζըˡ
ԵȴԴǵ֪˵ˣܻҼɣʼոоЩˣֻǸйϵìܣ֡
ңңҲ˶Ȼ͵д
ʱѾ̵ˣôʱڣɶѵ˺ѴѪҼҸо
ĵ̾ϢһԵҲǼ˵ΪìܵЩˣǹìܣ֡
˵ЩԲ˵ǿ϶Ҳ֡
˵Ե˱þɥ
Ԭɯɯ״Ҳ̾Ϣ˵㻹еģ֪Щ˸ûйϵ
ǣڼȻ˵Щ˸ìܣЩѪֶķҵġ
ôˣֻ㡣
ͬ־Ԭɯɯ䣬ԵѾɥѣҲ˵
IJ֪˭ҪңģΪһĹߡ
Щ꣬Ÿϰ嵱ӣ⣬һһĸĻˡ
ǣҵĶǹͬ£ΪһжΪ˿ľ룬ЩҲ
ȻҳԱĸɱϾаϣǮҲʵʵڵġ.
Щһһȡġ
˶٣Եֵô˵ɣûԵĿɹתֻһͣһ졣
ǾԲнЧ棬ŵĻǿȥһԱ
Ͼϰչ֮ǰҲһƲĿ
ҲΪϰʽ𣬻ҵĸƴ˽ijɾ͡
ңֻңǣﻹңаϡ
˵ƺѹѾõڴ˿ܹȫ
˵ЩԵƺ˵Ҳࡣ
ǰĹ˳ŶӣԵص̾ϢһŻ˵
ͬ־λңҶǣϾѪĶҼҵġ
ǣҲǺúõһ£˭ݺңΪʲôҪDZҼУЩҼҡ
ң˯Ĵ£붼ϸ˼֡
ֿɵҼңǾ˵˯ʱֺпܶԶҼҴ¡
һԵҲӣɷ˵붼˸о¡
ðɡԵ˵˳Ͽң˳ҲĬĬͷ˵
˵Щǻȥúõġ
ǣĿǰ˵ȫǵ顣
û⣬˵ôô飬ֻҪܰҵɣʲôԸϡ
ԵѾȫû˰취
ϾԵҲǸˣЩѪ֤ԼΪǸ֡
Եƺʹ˰ݣҲǼԼ⡣
ȻЩ⣬ȷù˳ܵôһ˿ϡ
ƺҵǸݺļһԵݡ
˾١˳ʰϵļԵҲʵ
Ǹô죿
ȥס˳ļ϶˶٣ֵ
˵㣬ǺãҾһᣬǣһҵļһ
ллԹ˳˵ǣԵֺܿͷʾл
ԵdzΨһģҲֻй˳
4㣬һˣ˿סլ
ʱԵסլͱСͼգ˾ߡ.
ڴԵҵ˴Ѫ˰ֳ
һΣ˳Ҳߣԭһֳۼ
˹˳ѪҺԭ³塣
ЩѪҺֲ³壬ǿԺܺõĻԭ
ˣ˳ٴԬɯɯС壬һǰҵѪҺҲԵңǼ䴢ҡ
ٺԬɯɯһٲ£չ˳
˳¬ޱޱڿλãԵһ𰲾ȴ
ʱټ˴¥
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ص̾ϢһҲ˵ҸǸ䣬³ԼûзѪҺĺۼ
˵ڶûзĺۼ
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Һ䣬ǵһֳء
ףŴңһһȥ⡣ҲҺ䣬IJǵһֳ
ˣ̺ʽŲ顣
ȻŲ鹤ƽʱҲܿ5㡣
ٴηصλʱҡҡԴֻʣ¿ûм
dzȥ˳Եʾһţó
ԵûоֱܾӸŴһţſڵľλá
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˳ĵ̾ϢһҲ˵Ҳǵһֳ
Dz˵ûйϵԹ˳˵ǣԵϽʡ
һԵ¬ޱޱǷȥʲôأֻ˵Ҳǵһֳһͷأ
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һ㣬Ҵû뺦ѵ뷨Ǻѣң֮ͬϵܺãǡ
Ҹս˾ʱǸͷ࣬Ҳæȥ鶼֪
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ţҰֵӣ廹Ҫġ¬ޱޱĵ٩СƺһҲ⡣
˳ԣҲЦεÿӦöڼȹĶ𣿡
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峿ľ칫ңҪǵȴϰϼDZߵĻ
Ҫ֪ͨDNA⣬Ҫܳʱ䣬ǴרҵǶ˵漰飬ּ̡ܴ
ʵDNAʱԷΪݣȾίʱ䣬ξǼǰڴʱ䣬Ǽȶʱ䡣
ǣίʱΪɶأٶȿҪʼӰ졣
һ漰һЩ㷺Ӱ참ʱǿ̲١
оǼǰڴʱ𣬱ֳ֤ʬϵĹëЩĵĴʱͻȽϳҲȽ鷳
ѪҺĻͺܿԴϣι˳ŶڿԵļУҵѪҺ
ЩѪҺʵҪѶʱ䣬ҪȷǣЩѪҺǷʧļϰй
ϾĽϰЩѪҺAB͡
ǾĿǰ˵˳Ŷû취üϰѪҺ˾Ͳжϡ
ǼϰĺӣϰӵƥDNA
Թ˳ŶӲͨϰϼҵĺӣȡѪҺƥ䡣
ܺͼϰƥɹ˵ԵҵЩѪҺϰйء
ҲͿȷϰȷԵС
ˣĿǰǹ˳Ŷӵص㡣
Ҳǰڴʱ䣬ȻDNAļȶʱ䡣
DNA⣬ǽDNAȻDNAвȫԶ
ͼоDNAʦͼֻ
ֻҲһֶѣַһȶԣŶӣͼļѪҺôһDNAⱨ棬Ҫʱ34Сʱѡ
֮ǰ˳ŶҲνйDNA⡣
ĿǰͨõDNAⷽʽSTRҲǶ̴ظзʵ顣
һǽѪҺDNAPCRҲǶøʽӦ
ξëϸܵӾͼ⣬ÿ˶صDNAظģʽ
ͨͼбȶԣȷʬʩǷͬһˡ
DNAķ鼼Ѿ죬ĽǾȷġ
Զʬ廹Ǹ̶ܳȼߵ֯Խм⡣
˳ŶȡѪҺ⣬˿ɿԲɡ.
ڼϰϼDZߵİŵʱ䣬˹˳ŶӣֱңŽӵ˸ߴĵ绰
˳û˵ֱӻߴ㣬Σ
˳ҪǸDNA⣬Ѿƥ
ֱ˵ɡ˳˵
šߴҲûҴţֱ˵ѪҺǷƥ֪ǿƥġ
Ҳ˵ѪҺ⣬ǿȷϵ˳ٴȷϵ˵
ûȷϵȷǸʧŮӵѪҺߴ˵
ʱ˿̣˳Ҳԭء
ڹ˳ԿԵĻɣûд
һеɶָԵ
Ȼ˳ĿǰԵΪʲôҪԼϰ¶֣ǣԵ϶Ѳ˹ϵġ
˳˳𣿡˳ܾûлӦ绰еĸߴС
лл㣬ߴ㣬ⱨ棬֪ôˡ
Ǿͺá˳ѾһƻߴҲǸһ˵ʲôҪģǵʱҡ
УǾɡ
˼ĺѼ䣬˫˫Ҷϵ绰
ʱ˿̣˳ѾdzԼĿǰҪģҵԵ
˵֮ǰЩѪҺ˳ж˭ģЩ֤Ҳ֤棬ʲô
ֻǵʱĹ˳ûг֤ݣڣ˳ţԵѲ˹ϵ
2㡣
ܽط־һѶҡ
Եе
һΣԵҵı鶼Щ֣˵ﲻԣǸо˳ŶƺԼżᶨ
Եʵ˾٣ǵûУǿкܶҪȥûʱһֱ顣
㲻ż¬ޱޱԵʼԹҲ˵һ䡣
¬ޱޱ¼ҲǿԵ˵
Ե˵ЩҴҵĴѪĨֽţ㴢ҵǰѴѪУ㶼֪˭ŵģ
ѽ¬ޱޱʣԵɵͷͣ
ȷʵ֪˭ҼҵģΪҴûЩ
Ҹ㡣¬ޱޱһӣҲû
ЩѪҺѵģ˵дʧٵģЩѪҺȫġ.
㡭˵ʲô¬ޱޱʣѶϵԵȻڵ˵ɫѿ
Ե㻹ҪװʲôʱٿԵҲû
ǡԵһҲǻ˵
ͬ־㡭DzǸˣǿ϶Ǹˡ
ǸˣٺЦһҲûǸ˻㲻ϳϣ
ҸԵͨDNA⣬ƥѼҺӵDNAѪҺȷЩѪҺ˭ģ
ǵóĽǸϰѪҺ
ȴ˵дʧģ֮ܰĹϵƲĸɸɾûʰЩ֤ȫԱ¶Ļԣ
ģ϶⡣ٵʣԵԵûŲѣҲŵ˻ꡣ
Ԭɯɯ̾ϢһҲǻ˵˵Ե֤ȷ䡣
֮ǰҲ˵˵ǼˣаʱûдڿǶ
һֻ˵ǸڣֻԼס
ңֻԼԿףҲûб˶ĺۼ
ңЩѪĨֽţдѪĵУҵġ
ָɵģҲɵЩⶪֳɣ
ֻ˵Ӧ֮ٵ֤ݣֻʱڼеijЩ䡣
ȵͷȥȥЩ֤ȴǾҸš
˵ԬɯɯʣԵĻŲѡ
дſ־壬ƺԼȫûκαĿܡ
ǣԵȴԼ͵ͬ־Ҫңҿ϶ԩġ
뿴ҵЩ֤DzѪҺѾ˺ܶ죿
ûĬĬͷ
ԵϽֵⲻ˵ЩѾҼҺܶ𣿡
ôʱ䣬Ϊʲôһʱ䴦ЩأΪʲôҪһֱڼأ
ѵЩҼУʲôôһôûа
˵ʲôֻ˵ʱ֪ôȴǡñǾҵҲԴǵ
ԵʱĻŲѣҲһɥͬ־ôǽأ飬治Ҹɵġ.
治֪˭DZ뵽ҼңȻЩҼеģ
ҿ϶DZԩģ϶ǣȫǶҵݺ
˶٣Ŭƽ飬ԵֵҲ֪Ŀǰģ
˵Щæµҿ϶һʱϵѡ
ǣΪҵæµûϵһеΣҪ㵽ͷ𣿡
ƺҲϴ尡
Թ˳ŶӵʣԵԵ÷dz꣬ƺԩ
ǣϾЩѪԵҵġ
Ե˵һǧһҲѲ˹ϵ
˿̵Եȫ˻һ˳Ҳǻ˵
˵Լԩģǣ㲢ûκ֤֤Լס
Ҳ֪һеô£˳ԵҲһɥ˵
ͬ־ңҿ϶DZԩģݺңһǵġ
áԵķ˳ҲǸ͵Ļᣬ˵
˵ԩģ㣬ûеʲôˣ
ƺDZ˳ɵǣԵȻڵ
¬ޱޱ״ҲǸϽѣDzеˣ
ǿ϶ġĵ̾ϢһԵҲ˵
ͬ־Ҿ˵ʵɣԵΪĸԱҲãԱҲãǿ϶ìܵġ
ȣǴϰ棬ڹЩˣ˶ڵϰϺˡ
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ȻڿϰغΣҲ˵˿ˡ
ص̾ϢһԵҲҡͷԣң˭Һѻش𡣡
Ϊҵʵ̫ˣүҲ˳ۡ
ԵôҲԵ߿࣬ҲĿɿڴ
ɲ𣿡٣ԵҲ˵ҾǸģǸ쵼ɣһ֮֮ϰɣվǸġ
ˣҿڿƽˣǣҵˣҲ˵°ɣ
ңǵһҲû˭ѽΪʲôҪأ벻ס.
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˿ʼᵱС DzԵ˼ƺҵƥԱ
ӺЩȵIJͷ٣Ҳ˵
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4㣬һˣ˿סլ
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