DZ
ӵٽԮĺӡȺܶǺ2գ1820ɾԼʳ
峿
һдܼ20ҷ緫˱ڴСС10ҺʼҺ緫սڻ£ƺƵĿ顣
1820ɾǵһӡȺܶٱƻŴˮ¡½ǧϱԮΣ֡
ںӡȺܶﻮУʮ֮ã1822ͷ˰ѻƬ˰ڣѽ͡
ЩУѾΪ֮Ⱦָ
պ
ػŶӺƺƵʻʡ棬ӭͱһ˫Φ췫
101ͨ棺
Լ
ùϽȫԱ鸽ϳԭƣܳΪݣأΪҾʵֻ֮ͬĿꡣ
ݶֱɽ飬Ƕɣ࣬ʿϼӰɣء
ͨ緢ãʹĻص磬鸽ơǶȷľߣؽٳ֮δϲɺҲ
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ֱӰѺָ˹ط--ٽȦˣߵһڸػ콢Ӿͽʻ뼪ۡ
Dz촬ذʹάǣܶʱһ½Ϣʾһֹ
ƬƾͲһ㣬˲ת̫죬û취Ӧ
ɾǰ鿪ǾҪսˡ
ǵ¹شػ콢ָ˹ط--ٽһ֣ȰϢݻȥܶİ˵
ػ콢еһ˱ϣڿĭɵĶԾۼļŵǷɹٻ
ûϵ˵ţӾȻͷȥȻǼۡ
һ£ɰˣ˶ȦС
ϼڰʹάкܴӰڶ˴彻ã˽Ԯ֮ʣҲصĻ˴Ԯ
⼸һ˴Ҳˣ̶2վʹ1200ྫװǹĻװźɾһͬϡ
ۼŴת⼸˴Ĵɫͱˣవʹ˸ɫ㵽һȥ
龰
еּϢıҲ֪ʲôֻܵȵԺ˵
˭Ҳû뵽̶ʮʱ䣬ѾΪʷƬعѾ죬̫ˡ
ң뵱
˵֪ϢʱѾ۾ѾȫȺռ˱ɽ
һǰʹάԮһܷأ⼸ٶˡ
Ԯ101ţǵ7졣
һǰʹάԮʹάؼ1170躽ҹԼ55Сʱٲ˵ʱ䡣
˳ִһ۲ż˺ܶͲ-Τ³ʿĽ¼ʱԮ
ܶͲ-Τ³ʿԺʶ̬أҲûжٵ飬ټܶ߹ֶԲߣѸٳľ
ʱӺҪʱ䣬㰲һԺ2ǰܶѶ
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ټͳﱸʼʱ䣬ȵػ촬ӿαϣѾǵ6ˡ
ʱ飬Ѿڴ۾Уʽ
ôһ죬뿪ʱȻͬ
ԭΧң֮ǿɵѾڴˡ
Ƶı䶯ӢϿܶľפӢʹԵɣŪĬˡ
ѽһкҲͺȻţǺŪѽ
ǵŷĽƣԼǰõĹϵӢϿܶӣһѸٵϱฮߡ
鷳¶DzմֵΪá
Ȼû
ӡȺܶʹִ¼£ҪӢ̣ܶͬʱ뷨¶⽻룬ҪȡһǿǴĺȻж
һоפ¼³ʹڵǿҷԣվҲûԸ
ʲô
Ӣ£ٻԸ˽ǰΪʳﱸ⣬Ͼ⽻ŷΪ
䲻мȰڰ볡
ķ˶Ե¹ijѾ˹ںֳأҲԸ¹ͬ£˵ȡһжˡ
ĵ¹Ͱٵ۹ԼûֳأҪڳӦսʣȻԸ˵﹩
˵˼䲻̲ġźǻȺڲѡǸԤЩлȺȥ
Ϊ̫ƽץڳУԶóʼܵԼҲԸ˽
ʹϣĿ⿴ӢˣӢϿֳܶάɶķֻεʼ磬赭д˵
ڹ˫ˣӢԸеͣӰ쵽ó
ҷȰһ
ǵĽ˫ˣⷢչǾԲȷѡ
ԾڴˣףǺˣ
ʮĽ⽻õĽúɷʹıǿð̣ȴκΡ
ŷΪԼͼʣµ·ҪӡȺܶԼȥˡ
1871119
巵
ڸһȺ£Ȼڵ·Ҷÿλǰһ̰ԸҪ౨ºͲϡ
֣Ը߾Ӿ֮ϣÿһε巵ǰ̸ĶǹҴƣ¹Ҫ
ͨ飺
һǼ1871ڣÿ5һεڸŻ죬Ӧ1872Ԫ1ʽΣʣһʱ䡣
ѵõµڸׯǣͷ齨ڶڸʱ
ƹʵʩˡѡٷ½ڹҼƣ˼ලá
ʱж̣Ҽгй۾۾ˣֻٲѧ缰Ӧ棬ƺвԡ
ҪʱĶĿȾҪѡʶθУ⽫ǶʮǸʱһ͡
ڸ죬ɳնڸ齨ڶӣ͵ǰ
һ飬ǹ֮ͨصķȷһֵĵλеIJҵ߶ձִС
ϲݣ˿˲Ͷ144ζŹʵһ׳ˡ
18716ĩͳƿھ˿ڼ1377.6ˣע7¶ͯ۷144˿ﵽ1522ˡ
ʵ
ֹڴˣ6ĩڵ10ĩ4¹ȥˡ
ÿ³20˵ԼÿǼǵ7Ķͯ˿ڣ¾2.7~2.9֮䣬4ֳ10
ȫ˿ѾԽ1600أѸͷ
˿Ӧ1655~1660֮䣬Ѿֳòˡ
ҲػĿѣʳֱdzʼûдģʳԭ
ÿ˳ʳɲ٣Ӱи̣ôҲðʱ䡣
ټǰӢӲƴһѻ۵սˣҰʳҲĵ߰˰ˣЩǷ˶Ҫϡ
ʱѲѵսǽһ£ҲܰȫʳսԿԿˡ
սȻˣɵսʱĴݺ͵ﱤÿУЩݺ͵ﱤûвǴ˱ڵ·ͨеĿӡ
Ϊʩ൱ôġ
ǰ飬ȽϱݵĻͥҪɵĶ࣬Ƕλÿϻһյɹ̸͢ˮ
ҲҪע
ںˮʱŪ죬ǰᵱͥdz⣬ǰʧǡһҪȥнٺ
֣ԶϵIJյеڣ̬ԵüΪݡ
⽻֣βһվǷʾ£ߵͥϣ˫ֱȭıһҾأ˵£бࡣ
ּ¼⽻ʹͣǿҿ飬Ŵνѹ֮Ӿٶҡ
д£֣ϸϸ֣üͷԸ˵
֣ɫٴαȭҾչеۿ˵
1114գҲ¼¹⽻Ѻĵڶ죬ӡȺ̨ܶˡƻ˿ڴ¿ҵҵ뻪˿ڷ͡˿ͷ˰ϳơ
ڴǰɷֳƻ˹ҵƻ˾ӪֲȲƽٶȼ룬ԻʵʩϿ̰
ԭϷȡõĿɽȨ乫˾ҵȨҲҪǿջأڶӡȺìܡ
ɷֱֳִԽӿֵʮھάȨ¼ȡŹнɱ¾ֶΣʹ140ˣɥ߶17ˣ20ˡ
ҷ⽻ʹǴɷֱоʹǰ̬ش˳
غһ֮
Ļ䣬ߵڸǺ;ٱŭˣ֡
ֳزǿӲɴȻվ̧ױȭ˵췬УȻˣ²ȡ֮ٴ룬ҷ档Դ췬У䲻
顣
꣬ЩоΪҴĵˣʱһݺݵĽѵ顣
ԲȡǿӲٴ룬ǷӦΪȽ⽻Ϊˣվסš
ϳı֮ԣ顣
ߵɫɫϵij֣ĸοɶһִĸȺоֹ⡣
ȺǼɳֻеίЩеļֱͣ˭֪Ĺѫ
DzΪ˻ߣݲƽȵ¶ȥˣҲûһߺҪޡ
Լ׳ɵĽû˸ȥ
¾Ͳͬˣŵķǡ͡¡ɹⶨĹҴƣڰڲı䡣
Ժŷ仧Ĺң֪СĽ̯ӣڶԳDzѵȵʲôʱ
ڵ˷ĿսڣˣǶԼǰ̲εΪȥҪõġ
֣ԾֳŵͷӣЩĸţȻһҰIJ
ϣûһȰݸֹĴɷܶչĶϵĶԻʹޡ
һ̾Ŀת˹վ˫һѹƣ˵
λ飬Ǿھʹ̸ʹԵò֮С
߳Լλãվ˳˫ֱȭʩһ˵
֮£롣
ƣвŭ˱
˷˲ǾٶԴ֮ĿΣңҴӮġ
ˣӢ룬ͬǴ䲻ԼȻ˺ٳŵ֮УѸ¡
ãʹ㣬ҷ
ֶΣּ֧ϲֳװǿ
Ʒ˲֮ͳΣҳԼɷͶѹڣ¿ɳɡ
˲бͳβģΪѹֳػ֮ٶҳԵ֧֡
һ
ڲ֮أɹ˿أӦԣҲ
ⷬԣϵij֣Բɵͷ
ϵӦԷȻʱЩ˵ĿռҲӢǿľͷУνôࡣ
ΪռطֻӢǿĶȨ˿ܲš
ĺôӢǿֲ룬ܵأֵֻͲȫõ㡣
˱Ͼص̸Уǩ˱֤Լ˺Ȼ˺ٱͲռҲ֮С
ԭǿ˼άʽҲһǿȻաٹУжơ
ȥ̸˻Ϊ
һˣ֣ЦŵͷӦ˵
ԴƣǾ°ɡ飬յΪֹ˵վٲʰ£ȥ
ȹͱ£꣬꣬꣡
ȶСĿ꣬1סskjvvx;ֻĶַskjvvx
ӵٽԮĺӡȺܶǺ2գ1820ɾԼʳ
峿
һдܼ20ҷ緫˱ڴСС10ҺʼҺ緫սڻ£ƺƵĿ顣
1820ɾǵһӡȺܶٱƻŴˮ¡½ǧϱԮΣ֡
ںӡȺܶﻮУʮ֮ã1822ͷ˰ѻƬ˰ڣѽ͡
ЩУѾΪ֮Ⱦָ
պ
ػŶӺƺƵʻʡ棬ӭͱһ˫Φ췫
101ͨ棺
Լ
ùϽȫԱ鸽ϳԭƣܳΪݣأΪҾʵֻ֮ͬĿꡣ
ݶֱɽ飬Ƕɣ࣬ʿϼӰɣء
ͨ緢ãʹĻص磬鸽ơǶȷľߣؽٳ֮δϲɺҲ
Ϣ
ֱӰѺָ˹ط--ٽȦˣߵһڸػ콢Ӿͽʻ뼪ۡ
Dz촬ذʹάǣܶʱһ½Ϣʾһֹ
ƬƾͲһ㣬˲ת̫죬û취Ӧ
ɾǰ鿪ǾҪսˡ
ǵ¹شػ콢ָ˹ط--ٽһ֣ȰϢݻȥܶİ˵
ػ콢еһ˱ϣڿĭɵĶԾۼļŵǷɹٻ
ûϵ˵ţӾȻͷȥȻǼۡ
һ£ɰˣ˶ȦС
ϼڰʹάкܴӰڶ˴彻ã˽Ԯ֮ʣҲصĻ˴Ԯ
⼸һ˴Ҳˣ̶2վʹ1200ྫװǹĻװźɾһͬϡ
ۼŴת⼸˴Ĵɫͱˣవʹ˸ɫ㵽һȥ
龰
еּϢıҲ֪ʲôֻܵȵԺ˵
˭Ҳû뵽̶ʮʱ䣬ѾΪʷƬعѾ죬̫ˡ
ң뵱
˵֪ϢʱѾ۾ѾȫȺռ˱ɽ
һǰʹάԮһܷأ⼸ٶˡ
Ԯ101ţǵ7졣
һǰʹάԮʹάؼ1170躽ҹԼ55Сʱٲ˵ʱ䡣
˳ִһ۲ż˺ܶͲ-Τ³ʿĽ¼ʱԮ
ܶͲ-Τ³ʿԺʶ̬أҲûжٵ飬ټܶ߹ֶԲߣѸٳľ
ʱӺҪʱ䣬㰲һԺ2ǰܶѶ
ôţʱȥˡ
ټͳﱸʼʱ䣬ȵػ촬ӿαϣѾǵ6ˡ
ʱ飬Ѿڴ۾Уʽ
ôһ죬뿪ʱȻͬ
ԭΧң֮ǿɵѾڴˡ
Ƶı䶯ӢϿܶľפӢʹԵɣŪĬˡ
ѽһкҲͺȻţǺŪѽ
ǵŷĽƣԼǰõĹϵӢϿܶӣһѸٵϱฮߡ
鷳¶DzմֵΪá
Ȼû
ӡȺܶʹִ¼£ҪӢ̣ܶͬʱ뷨¶⽻룬ҪȡһǿǴĺȻж
һоפ¼³ʹڵǿҷԣվҲûԸ
ʲô
Ӣ£ٻԸ˽ǰΪʳﱸ⣬Ͼ⽻ŷΪ
䲻мȰڰ볡
ķ˶Ե¹ijѾ˹ںֳأҲԸ¹ͬ£˵ȡһжˡ
ĵ¹Ͱٵ۹ԼûֳأҪڳӦսʣȻԸ˵﹩
˵˼䲻̲ġźǻȺڲѡǸԤЩлȺȥ
Ϊ̫ƽץڳУԶóʼܵԼҲԸ˽
ʹϣĿ⿴ӢˣӢϿֳܶάɶķֻεʼ磬赭д˵
ڹ˫ˣӢԸеͣӰ쵽ó
ҷȰһ
ǵĽ˫ˣⷢչǾԲȷѡ
ԾڴˣףǺˣ
ʮĽ⽻õĽúɷʹıǿð̣ȴκΡ
ŷΪԼͼʣµ·ҪӡȺܶԼȥˡ
1871119
巵
ڸһȺ£Ȼڵ·Ҷÿλǰһ̰ԸҪ౨ºͲϡ
֣Ը߾Ӿ֮ϣÿһε巵ǰ̸ĶǹҴƣ¹Ҫ
ͨ飺
һǼ1871ڣÿ5һεڸŻ죬Ӧ1872Ԫ1ʽΣʣһʱ䡣
ѵõµڸׯǣͷ齨ڶڸʱ
ƹʵʩˡѡٷ½ڹҼƣ˼ලá
ʱж̣Ҽгй۾۾ˣֻٲѧ缰Ӧ棬ƺвԡ
ҪʱĶĿȾҪѡʶθУ⽫ǶʮǸʱһ͡
ڸ죬ɳնڸ齨ڶӣ͵ǰ
һ飬ǹ֮ͨصķȷһֵĵλеIJҵ߶ձִС
ϲݣ˿˲Ͷ144ζŹʵһ׳ˡ
18716ĩͳƿھ˿ڼ1377.6ˣע7¶ͯ۷144˿ﵽ1522ˡ
ʵ
ֹڴˣ6ĩڵ10ĩ4¹ȥˡ
ÿ³20˵ԼÿǼǵ7Ķͯ˿ڣ¾2.7~2.9֮䣬4ֳ10
ȫ˿ѾԽ1600أѸͷ
˿Ӧ1655~1660֮䣬Ѿֳòˡ
ҲػĿѣʳֱdzʼûдģʳԭ
ÿ˳ʳɲ٣Ӱи̣ôҲðʱ䡣
ټǰӢӲƴһѻ۵սˣҰʳҲĵ߰˰ˣЩǷ˶Ҫϡ
ʱѲѵսǽһ£ҲܰȫʳսԿԿˡ
սȻˣɵսʱĴݺ͵ﱤÿУЩݺ͵ﱤûвǴ˱ڵ·ͨеĿӡ
Ϊʩ൱ôġ
ǰ飬ȽϱݵĻͥҪɵĶ࣬Ƕλÿϻһյɹ̸͢ˮ
ҲҪע
ںˮʱŪ죬ǰᵱͥdz⣬ǰʧǡһҪȥнٺ
֣ԶϵIJյеڣ̬ԵüΪݡ
⽻֣βһվǷʾ£ߵͥϣ˫ֱȭıһҾأ˵£бࡣ
ּ¼⽻ʹͣǿҿ飬Ŵνѹ֮Ӿٶҡ
д£֣ϸϸ֣üͷԸ˵
֣ɫٴαȭҾչеۿ˵
1114գҲ¼¹⽻Ѻĵڶ죬ӡȺ̨ܶˡƻ˿ڴ¿ҵҵ뻪˿ڷ͡˿ͷ˰ϳơ
ڴǰɷֳƻ˹ҵƻ˾ӪֲȲƽٶȼ룬ԻʵʩϿ̰
ԭϷȡõĿɽȨ乫˾ҵȨҲҪǿջأڶӡȺìܡ
ɷֱֳִԽӿֵʮھάȨ¼ȡŹнɱ¾ֶΣʹ140ˣɥ߶17ˣ20ˡ
ҷ⽻ʹǴɷֱоʹǰ̬ش˳
غһ֮
Ļ䣬ߵڸǺ;ٱŭˣ֡
ֳزǿӲɴȻվ̧ױȭ˵췬УȻˣ²ȡ֮ٴ룬ҷ档Դ췬У䲻
顣
꣬ЩоΪҴĵˣʱһݺݵĽѵ顣
ԲȡǿӲٴ룬ǷӦΪȽ⽻Ϊˣվסš
ϳı֮ԣ顣
ߵɫɫϵij֣ĸοɶһִĸȺоֹ⡣
ȺǼɳֻеίЩеļֱͣ˭֪Ĺѫ
DzΪ˻ߣݲƽȵ¶ȥˣҲûһߺҪޡ
Լ׳ɵĽû˸ȥ
¾Ͳͬˣŵķǡ͡¡ɹⶨĹҴƣڰڲı䡣
Ժŷ仧Ĺң֪СĽ̯ӣڶԳDzѵȵʲôʱ
ڵ˷ĿսڣˣǶԼǰ̲εΪȥҪõġ
֣ԾֳŵͷӣЩĸţȻһҰIJ
ϣûһȰݸֹĴɷܶչĶϵĶԻʹޡ
һ̾Ŀת˹վ˫һѹƣ˵
λ飬Ǿھʹ̸ʹԵò֮С
߳Լλãվ˳˫ֱȭʩһ˵
֮£롣
ƣвŭ˱
˷˲ǾٶԴ֮ĿΣңҴӮġ
ˣӢ룬ͬǴ䲻ԼȻ˺ٳŵ֮УѸ¡
ãʹ㣬ҷ
ֶΣּ֧ϲֳװǿ
Ʒ˲֮ͳΣҳԼɷͶѹڣ¿ɳɡ
˲бͳβģΪѹֳػ֮ٶҳԵ֧֡
һ
ڲ֮أɹ˿أӦԣҲ
ⷬԣϵij֣Բɵͷ
ϵӦԷȻʱЩ˵ĿռҲӢǿľͷУνôࡣ
ΪռطֻӢǿĶȨ˿ܲš
ĺôӢǿֲ룬ܵأֵֻͲȫõ㡣
˱Ͼص̸Уǩ˱֤Լ˺Ȼ˺ٱͲռҲ֮С
ԭǿ˼άʽҲһǿȻաٹУжơ
ȥ̸˻Ϊ
һˣ֣ЦŵͷӦ˵
ԴƣǾ°ɡ飬յΪֹ˵վٲʰ£ȥ
ȹͱ£꣬꣬꣡
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