1872ڵһƬУڶڸˡ
ڸУºε
ڸԱ
ȻǼ֣ͨܶŲԭ˰¬IJ
ۿں˼ͨӾ
Ӿ
Ļо
ҵΪоעԭع
⽻֣Ӿ
ũҵ֪ǣעԭ֪
ֳزӾ
֣̩עԭҵ
ʮУ߸ιԱΣ˴ȱ䶯ԭְֱ⽻ֳزб֡
֮
ε֮Ӿעԭ
˰³ӾעΣ
ͽ֣˳Ӿעԭ
ڶڸָλö䶯ˣ˳֣Եι
ôǾλãøԼСȦӣСɽͷӪһĸҲУͬھ߲㽫ϡ
һıܳɺϽΣǽڹ½ͳ˧ľְɺׯӶʵ½ׯľ档
2³
1872ũ֣ܶĦȭƵʼ¶ˡ
ͣDzڵġ
֣ո24꣬ǻѪҰIJʱijݶǶ֣ԣƾһ֮ټɽ˲ijҵֱͬһ㡣
֣ӶΪĺΰҵ֣ϼ廭˵Ⱥţܲɷ֣֣־ҪȫС
ҫ֣ϼҫ֣ϼҫ֣ҫdzûһë
Ϊ˴һľǿˡ
Ҳ֣Ķ˵棬ڽչܵǸǷˡ
жɵ崦ĴУǣͷ4ǰӢսУѫж˳УУԼһжԱɢDZϲ¶
ִ˵ǻ׳УԴ˸ɵġ
ƾżЩ˰߹ɲѪȶ¶Ҳ˾ѹһ·
ҪѺݵģжӵԼϡ
ڿ
Чdz֮ãʼҺˣӢʼҺҲˡҲΪ֮ת䣬֣һִʷѪ嶯ղܣǵĽ˵
ǧڿǣڿǣҪҪִִˣߵڸǵ𡣡
⻰˵ľˣУҧҧžһ˾˵
£ˡְ״Ҫ崦˴û¹˭Ұ춼ͱඣֻҪֵס⡣
ãҪľ˸㣬ѳ̵ľʹκ¶ҶסʵڲУ¾巵Ҫͷҡ
µĻǵ崦ͿԷſֽŸɻˡ
ȵȣʲô¶۱Ҫռס̤ɱҿһͨҪôɣŪǡ
£ġզǶǿú췬ҵ
аɣܷȥɣҰģֵģҲ̫ˣҿɵȲôʱ䡣
볤ٷģ崦֣УҲɴ˱֤Ȼ˸ľת뿪ˡ
崦Ѿ6ͷгٶףʩΪǵһΣôܲúñһأ
ǰλ˿Уǰ;
źУ뿪֣ٽܺܺõĿϵ˷֮ɫͷڣվŵһξ˵ģ㿴
ξµ֣ģ֣ҫո20꣬ҵ½ѧԺոһꡣ
ΪСĴ4ǰӢ֮սûս顣
֣ٽЩNɪĻ֣ҫϸֳһ˿ǣ˵磬𣿡
ܶôУ
磬֪Ҳ˼ֻǡбµȷּ𣿡
ѽҪѧѧ֣ٽһɸֵӣվת֣ҫ˵ÿ۶Ҫ£ϵǧڵĸЩС¶ôҪʾ£DzΪ·ǣǾҷ
֣ҫһͨ˵ĴԶЩ崻ˡ
ϸһ£ܾЩԾĵط
˵ɵԴ֣ٽȻһЦ˵磬ҵӲ⣬զ˵զֻҪ鷳С
Ͷˡ֣ٽҲֻܵǰˣˣ磬Ҳĵ֣̽ҫij˵
ģطֻܺdz٣ǧˡ
ֻ֮¼˾òء
а
ǧһһжÿܹ¶ȷּ⣿
ΪӵģҪΪϷǡ
ֳ߾ǡ¡ԲDZⶨġ
£ΪεռݼתΪı죬ԶսֳĿꡣ
ٷǰ·ϵ谭ߣԿһһɨ֮
ֻҪûʵʩеһСű²Ҫදӡ
ⷬijĻ֣ҫЩãȻĻͷ˿Уij١
վһߵĺУĽ֣ҫԼæЦ˵ǣǣ˵ĶǽԣһҪμIJ
Ҫ˵ҲЩԩ߶ռݺУͿߣе˴ľָæʱ켸ҹûۡ
ʿ˿˯Ϊָӹȴа
Ӻڵǰ飬жϵսһڶҪţиֶС
һ˲ӣУСɵ
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˺ֻ˫ҫѫ£ȼ֣У˺ö࣬լۡһŮ
ȻûȻˡ
ΪսḻսУܵʹͿɲ٣ɲȱլۡҲȱŮȱǽ½ٽΰ
˼ҹٽΣ۾ˣûߡ
һȥʱУ̲ס˾ǮнǶԹһ䣬ͷһβͻijˡ
Ǯнԭǣ
СӣаȻҸ˱ˣУ̧оѾǰ˱ĸ֡
̤ٽզأ
ս¾ԷˮôھһųȥɵĶѷɫ֡
㹦ͣѾһ½ٽ
Ϊ½ٽǴײˣ
㹦ʹʸӲľٶǡ
¼Զʱ8µѪսе7ųûнٽ25żûнУǵľĶˣ
˼ƴĹѫ˶ģѵûʵ
˵ʲôˣ
˭̤ӹٽ½Ͻɣõס
ɾ֨ûУҪۣӷַӾ㣬㰲ŵȥ
Ū1أԼ϶УͿϺûˣɲҪе
ҪҺٽȸˡ
ôˣ
ίˣ
Ҫˣ
֪ԼֻɫһļƤӣκʱҪ֪ԼＸȥԺĸľְūš
¹ȥˣˣҲðϴɾѴ̺ãվ澡ְصľ
еҪʱƼѡ
ǾƤͦãʡһͣ㵣ġ
ù
ϳٵ꣬Ÿô÷ϣҸС˵һﻰ
֣ҵ죬֣ҵĹҪԶоη֮ģʲôλ
¸ˣǾĽţľ£µɽҲһ⡣
ûǶȻԼλǷݶͣŬ
ܹ߽ݾΪӷĸ߹ѪеүĽ
ˣɡ
ϳУȴһᣬϳٵİ֮鱶ϧֱѽ
ûֶ֣˭ȥ
һ棬һҳ鲻ͨڵһԹԣͿͳľģδ
¶ɲ٣ڹ²þԺڲСģ״ģƺ֮ĺܶ鶼¶˳
ľǰִҳ飬ȫ֪ʲôֻһζʵܶͱζ
УڰĿʱǮнIJӪУǻͨʱڣʮˣʼϳٵĵϵ
ڽǷëҷ˵ͻΧսУУעʱǰĿDzöƣΪܹǮļʸӴ˽ľꡣ
ζϳٵĻڰ
Ͼûƽȵ¶ймע¶
פڵּĵʦ֣һٽŵİɣѫ۵ķΰУİɣ
ɵʦ4ˣûֳˮЩûˮƽ
Ƿġ
Ϊɭϵľɣٷ30ʿϵľжҪϼȷΣ⡣
Ҳ˵
ֻҪǹϵΣ֣һٽ30ʿעճоѵͲݳ⣩ҲҪıܲΥС
Ȼ½ٽλҲסöشΡ
ijг٣ܹϵǧʵʩжǰԲˡ
ʸǮϽһĿС㣬ϼһdzڱû¶Բ
һǰħڶʦн½ܲıѾжȥ˵ڶʦľְȻһֵܣһԸ⸰
һ˼ɵ幫֣ٽˡ
ǮٽƾdzߵľȨнƾ빲ľа壬֣ٽƾľDZȨи߹ijѪ͵λ
ʦ֣һһմģûϷȷҲ㲻춯
ϧǣ˵нڽ½ѧԺԺѧԺҲܸߵĹΪʼ½ѧ
ãǰһЩֻĸ죬нٽУʲôģһľµλá
һٶԣúнȴһ¡
㲻
㲻ò
㲻ǵǸһ
Уȴһ˵꿴Dzǻܴƣϵ棿
ĻôнΣˡ
УֻһұֻһΪ֮Ч߾ͳ˧Ǿdz֣ԣеڶ
Уô˱֮
ħڶʦ7ųûнٽ5ųȻۣܶ˶Ϊսʱ˵ѪͷĻԩ
ΪȶΪ˾ӵȶDzòȡᣬֹԿƵľɽͷʵôIJпᡣ
ܹıֻгһˣٽϵĸҲֻܳڳ¡
˵
УٽһҪܳľµλѫ45£ҳֱֵĸ߹Ʒʣıܲڶ꣬ԺУְĥ꿼ߣŽΡ
Ҳ˵
ҪӣԺУܲĥԲһںѡбֳɫпܱνٽΣͨ͵ǰ
ﲻҪͨĻﲻͱǰˡ
Ҳ
¼10ӢرΧʱֱһּ¼½ʿ1ָӹٺٽнڲλ
٣Ѿ˺Ԣ⡣
Ե¼ԶУϾټһּʱٽԵһ㶣漴Ȼ֮ɫľܷ⡣
ܷ½ннڳеУϾ٣۸ߺ˵
һǧţ
ұжԵһŭն£ΪְΪ¾ңúһ
¼Զ
¼¹ȫʿڣѪƴס
һӪˣУӪϡ
һŴˣУųϡ
ȫˣҴžӺеĺھһϣΪ¾ңΪһѪȻսף
Ǵһ˶࣬һҲЩ
¼Զ3ʿһ˹ӲдȻʧأΪҾԡ
У
УһٶУϾȫ۾۸ߺ˾þò
׳ҳԶÿһħʦٵУ̵ǣҲħʦĵء
һйУ̵ʶDzͬģҪϡ
֣ٽڷſֽŸ¶ʦ֣һٽɶҲҸɣÿԹԵѵѵϼľָӡ
ʱ
֣ٽȻһΰӣ顱һУ˼ʵУֻһ£ǰȥʵôˡ٣
Ҹոһ¶ڵij;籨ʲôطˡΪʲôû㱨ҵĴ¶ܶҪ籨ƱȫԵ۴
Ī²鿴һ¾˵ʦУЩգæת˵
ʼ籨ҲǸţƸܸܵIJţֻǸĵ籨ģͷšʼҡֶѰ˽ȥ¶Ȱ֡
УݣҲĵط¶
˼幫֣ٽͲ£ʼ籨ڰ¿ͨɰԽŽ鳤;ߣڲͨԵϳ͡
ţţүţˡ
ƫƫʼ籨ֻͳһףһƨҿԣҹʩӰӵĽӹŽij;ߡ
û취λүﲻѽ
ȶСĿ꣬1סskjvvx;ֻĶַskjvvx
ڸУºε
ڸԱ
ȻǼ֣ͨܶŲԭ˰¬IJ
ۿں˼ͨӾ
Ӿ
Ļо
ҵΪоעԭع
⽻֣Ӿ
ũҵ֪ǣעԭ֪
ֳزӾ
֣̩עԭҵ
ʮУ߸ιԱΣ˴ȱ䶯ԭְֱ⽻ֳزб֡
֮
ε֮Ӿעԭ
˰³ӾעΣ
ͽ֣˳Ӿעԭ
ڶڸָλö䶯ˣ˳֣Եι
ôǾλãøԼСȦӣСɽͷӪһĸҲУͬھ߲㽫ϡ
һıܳɺϽΣǽڹ½ͳ˧ľְɺׯӶʵ½ׯľ档
2³
1872ũ֣ܶĦȭƵʼ¶ˡ
ͣDzڵġ
֣ո24꣬ǻѪҰIJʱijݶǶ֣ԣƾһ֮ټɽ˲ijҵֱͬһ㡣
֣ӶΪĺΰҵ֣ϼ廭˵Ⱥţܲɷ֣֣־ҪȫС
ҫ֣ϼҫ֣ϼҫ֣ҫdzûһë
Ϊ˴һľǿˡ
Ҳ֣Ķ˵棬ڽչܵǸǷˡ
жɵ崦ĴУǣͷ4ǰӢսУѫж˳УУԼһжԱɢDZϲ¶
ִ˵ǻ׳УԴ˸ɵġ
ƾżЩ˰߹ɲѪȶ¶Ҳ˾ѹһ·
ҪѺݵģжӵԼϡ
ڿ
Чdz֮ãʼҺˣӢʼҺҲˡҲΪ֮ת䣬֣һִʷѪ嶯ղܣǵĽ˵
ǧڿǣڿǣҪҪִִˣߵڸǵ𡣡
⻰˵ľˣУҧҧžһ˾˵
£ˡְ״Ҫ崦˴û¹˭Ұ춼ͱඣֻҪֵס⡣
ãҪľ˸㣬ѳ̵ľʹκ¶ҶסʵڲУ¾巵Ҫͷҡ
µĻǵ崦ͿԷſֽŸɻˡ
ȵȣʲô¶۱Ҫռס̤ɱҿһͨҪôɣŪǡ
£ġզǶǿú췬ҵ
аɣܷȥɣҰģֵģҲ̫ˣҿɵȲôʱ䡣
볤ٷģ崦֣УҲɴ˱֤Ȼ˸ľת뿪ˡ
崦Ѿ6ͷгٶףʩΪǵһΣôܲúñһأ
ǰλ˿Уǰ;
źУ뿪֣ٽܺܺõĿϵ˷֮ɫͷڣվŵһξ˵ģ㿴
ξµ֣ģ֣ҫո20꣬ҵ½ѧԺոһꡣ
ΪСĴ4ǰӢ֮սûս顣
֣ٽЩNɪĻ֣ҫϸֳһ˿ǣ˵磬𣿡
ܶôУ
磬֪Ҳ˼ֻǡбµȷּ𣿡
ѽҪѧѧ֣ٽһɸֵӣվת֣ҫ˵ÿ۶Ҫ£ϵǧڵĸЩС¶ôҪʾ£DzΪ·ǣǾҷ
֣ҫһͨ˵ĴԶЩ崻ˡ
ϸһ£ܾЩԾĵط
˵ɵԴ֣ٽȻһЦ˵磬ҵӲ⣬զ˵զֻҪ鷳С
Ͷˡ֣ٽҲֻܵǰˣˣ磬Ҳĵ֣̽ҫij˵
ģطֻܺdz٣ǧˡ
ֻ֮¼˾òء
а
ǧһһжÿܹ¶ȷּ⣿
ΪӵģҪΪϷǡ
ֳ߾ǡ¡ԲDZⶨġ
£ΪεռݼתΪı죬ԶսֳĿꡣ
ٷǰ·ϵ谭ߣԿһһɨ֮
ֻҪûʵʩеһСű²Ҫදӡ
ⷬijĻ֣ҫЩãȻĻͷ˿Уij١
վһߵĺУĽ֣ҫԼæЦ˵ǣǣ˵ĶǽԣһҪμIJ
Ҫ˵ҲЩԩ߶ռݺУͿߣе˴ľָæʱ켸ҹûۡ
ʿ˿˯Ϊָӹȴа
Ӻڵǰ飬жϵսһڶҪţиֶС
һ˲ӣУСɵ
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˺ֻ˫ҫѫ£ȼ֣У˺ö࣬լۡһŮ
ȻûȻˡ
ΪսḻսУܵʹͿɲ٣ɲȱլۡҲȱŮȱǽ½ٽΰ
˼ҹٽΣ۾ˣûߡ
һȥʱУ̲ס˾ǮнǶԹһ䣬ͷһβͻijˡ
Ǯнԭǣ
СӣаȻҸ˱ˣУ̧оѾǰ˱ĸ֡
̤ٽզأ
ս¾ԷˮôھһųȥɵĶѷɫ֡
㹦ͣѾһ½ٽ
Ϊ½ٽǴײˣ
㹦ʹʸӲľٶǡ
¼Զʱ8µѪսе7ųûнٽ25żûнУǵľĶˣ
˼ƴĹѫ˶ģѵûʵ
˵ʲôˣ
˭̤ӹٽ½Ͻɣõס
ɾ֨ûУҪۣӷַӾ㣬㰲ŵȥ
Ū1أԼ϶УͿϺûˣɲҪе
ҪҺٽȸˡ
ôˣ
ίˣ
Ҫˣ
֪ԼֻɫһļƤӣκʱҪ֪ԼＸȥԺĸľְūš
¹ȥˣˣҲðϴɾѴ̺ãվ澡ְصľ
еҪʱƼѡ
ǾƤͦãʡһͣ㵣ġ
ù
ϳٵ꣬Ÿô÷ϣҸС˵һﻰ
֣ҵ죬֣ҵĹҪԶоη֮ģʲôλ
¸ˣǾĽţľ£µɽҲһ⡣
ûǶȻԼλǷݶͣŬ
ܹ߽ݾΪӷĸ߹ѪеүĽ
ˣɡ
ϳУȴһᣬϳٵİ֮鱶ϧֱѽ
ûֶ֣˭ȥ
һ棬һҳ鲻ͨڵһԹԣͿͳľģδ
¶ɲ٣ڹ²þԺڲСģ״ģƺ֮ĺܶ鶼¶˳
ľǰִҳ飬ȫ֪ʲôֻһζʵܶͱζ
УڰĿʱǮнIJӪУǻͨʱڣʮˣʼϳٵĵϵ
ڽǷëҷ˵ͻΧսУУעʱǰĿDzöƣΪܹǮļʸӴ˽ľꡣ
ζϳٵĻڰ
Ͼûƽȵ¶ймע¶
פڵּĵʦ֣һٽŵİɣѫ۵ķΰУİɣ
ɵʦ4ˣûֳˮЩûˮƽ
Ƿġ
Ϊɭϵľɣٷ30ʿϵľжҪϼȷΣ⡣
Ҳ˵
ֻҪǹϵΣ֣һٽ30ʿעճоѵͲݳ⣩ҲҪıܲΥС
Ȼ½ٽλҲסöشΡ
ijг٣ܹϵǧʵʩжǰԲˡ
ʸǮϽһĿС㣬ϼһdzڱû¶Բ
һǰħڶʦн½ܲıѾжȥ˵ڶʦľְȻһֵܣһԸ⸰
һ˼ɵ幫֣ٽˡ
ǮٽƾdzߵľȨнƾ빲ľа壬֣ٽƾľDZȨи߹ijѪ͵λ
ʦ֣һһմģûϷȷҲ㲻춯
ϧǣ˵нڽ½ѧԺԺѧԺҲܸߵĹΪʼ½ѧ
ãǰһЩֻĸ죬нٽУʲôģһľµλá
һٶԣúнȴһ¡
㲻
㲻ò
㲻ǵǸһ
Уȴһ˵꿴Dzǻܴƣϵ棿
ĻôнΣˡ
УֻһұֻһΪ֮Ч߾ͳ˧Ǿdz֣ԣеڶ
Уô˱֮
ħڶʦ7ųûнٽ5ųȻۣܶ˶Ϊսʱ˵ѪͷĻԩ
ΪȶΪ˾ӵȶDzòȡᣬֹԿƵľɽͷʵôIJпᡣ
ܹıֻгһˣٽϵĸҲֻܳڳ¡
˵
УٽһҪܳľµλѫ45£ҳֱֵĸ߹Ʒʣıܲڶ꣬ԺУְĥ꿼ߣŽΡ
Ҳ˵
ҪӣԺУܲĥԲһںѡбֳɫпܱνٽΣͨ͵ǰ
ﲻҪͨĻﲻͱǰˡ
Ҳ
¼10ӢرΧʱֱһּ¼½ʿ1ָӹٺٽнڲλ
٣Ѿ˺Ԣ⡣
Ե¼ԶУϾټһּʱٽԵһ㶣漴Ȼ֮ɫľܷ⡣
ܷ½ннڳеУϾ٣۸ߺ˵
һǧţ
ұжԵһŭն£ΪְΪ¾ңúһ
¼Զ
¼¹ȫʿڣѪƴס
һӪˣУӪϡ
һŴˣУųϡ
ȫˣҴžӺеĺھһϣΪ¾ңΪһѪȻսף
Ǵһ˶࣬һҲЩ
¼Զ3ʿһ˹ӲдȻʧأΪҾԡ
У
УһٶУϾȫ۾۸ߺ˾þò
׳ҳԶÿһħʦٵУ̵ǣҲħʦĵء
һйУ̵ʶDzͬģҪϡ
֣ٽڷſֽŸ¶ʦ֣һٽɶҲҸɣÿԹԵѵѵϼľָӡ
ʱ
֣ٽȻһΰӣ顱һУ˼ʵУֻһ£ǰȥʵôˡ٣
Ҹոһ¶ڵij;籨ʲôطˡΪʲôû㱨ҵĴ¶ܶҪ籨ƱȫԵ۴
Ī²鿴һ¾˵ʦУЩգæת˵
ʼ籨ҲǸţƸܸܵIJţֻǸĵ籨ģͷšʼҡֶѰ˽ȥ¶Ȱ֡
УݣҲĵط¶
˼幫֣ٽͲ£ʼ籨ڰ¿ͨɰԽŽ鳤;ߣڲͨԵϳ͡
ţţүţˡ
ƫƫʼ籨ֻͳһףһƨҿԣҹʩӰӵĽӹŽij;ߡ
û취λүﲻѽ
ȶСĿ꣬1סskjvvx;ֻĶַskjvvx