һº
188510£ӢڶսӢӡȴٳսһٹգ²
ˣ
һֱ߶ȹעϰ뵺ƣڵýҲ˳ٱȫĿ۷
ϰ뵺
⽻ǹע룬ֻҪǣ浽廪̵ĺϷ棬Ͳ棬Ǿ۾Ʒչ
ӢڶսҪĿڷϰ뵺ֳţӢӡֳصĶ㹻ĸ
顣
ĮҲǶϰ뵺ƲģίʵûǸʵȥ֣Ϲۡ
1886ԪһգӢ鲢ӢӡȣֽҪ̲͢飬Ǵ峯ķ֮һ
ִ̣¶ʮգŴȄӢǰפʹŷھʦǩˡӢӢ
ҪΪ
Ӣÿʮ峯ʹһΣ͢ӢȡõһȨ塢ӢӦԱ߽磬߽ͨרµ
䲼گʽ˹ֳطΧ˹ֱܶϽ
ͬʱ
䲼گϳǹ˾ĽƣΪֱܶϽ
ϳչӹ˾ĽƣΪչֱܶϽ
ֱϽľŴܶɴչΪʮܶ
ʷijֹǰˮȥһεʮ
1895ӢһڸУԼɪŲ׳ΪֳϷǿҵͷ˹Ӣֳԭʷһ
ڳ
ǰ࣬Ժ鳤Ĺѫϳºغ治Σڼغ71ꡣ
Ϊ˾ٰ¡صĸ߹֣Գϯӳ-֣Դ֪ǣԺ鳤壬Ժ鳤µһ߲㣬λԪѫĸ
Źʮһ߹̣֣ҲסĿˡ
ȺһɷͬСɣװݷȥ˵ȹԱ壬ڰ˳䣬ϵ𢣬˿ʧ
ȳϻ̳Ͽ֣±塣ТҲ۷˵ֱһȥߵײѡ
ֳزϸȥТ֣꣬Էˡ
4µļڣȥˡ
ȺĿ£֣˱˵飬һƫĵϢӻֽ˴ȥˡ
ʱҪһ˰¡
1882굽1895꣬13䣬˿1882ĩ4685˷һѸǰ9377.53ˣ˿ҲԶˡ
ɣɽޱ䡣
һзչĻԻͣ벻Ԫѫһ˵Ŭ㣬и֣̾
ȺԽӢǿҵóʢԶӶλλһҵȫ¿Ƽͷ֡
ڳΪ۹ʵ۵ĺǣɶ֣ѹȥˣʱ迼ǡ
Ļʵ۹ϣȱһ飬Ǿצ۵
ʮʱ
չҵãִڽһֳѾޱȵĽѡպͻ̡
Իѧ͵Ϊĵڶιҵ˳УһֱƼչȵ㣬ķ죬Ķ֮
ʮ귢չ̣ó֣Ըпǧ
ЩĹҵչɾ˶ۣĻҲʼɣӰﶫĻҪƶá
嵺ϸ߹·˰ͻе·ʵòΪ֮Ȼһ¡
ڴ
ܶ·Ҳ˰ͻһٽҵչʹóҵũҵеҵõ֧š
ЩĽĿӦþǽܷ˰ӵİ˺ӣҲdzΪĽ
ͬԭʷһ㣬ڽ˺һ˸ͷۻҫһֳ˹ʴЦ
˺ӹ̵ǷʱΪĵ˺ӹ˾ܾײʿ˺ӣ18691117ʽͨ
ΰ̣ͨŷǺ߹ؼĹ㡣
ĻֲҪз϶˵ĺǣԭ˼˳1.6̣ҲΪײӮ˾ҫ
ʿ˺ӵijɹʹﵽ壬ΪѧԺԺʿѧԺԺʿõŴʮѫºӡѫ£Ӣƺš
ЩɹײƮƮȻüԸͰΪְ˺ӹʧܵ
˺ӹ̹˾УײרУ·ʦĵһŲᣬ֮Ϊ⡱
û꾡ʵĻϣʵƶʩҴ
Ͽȴʪȡܲͨθӣʩȱʩ
˺ӹ
55ҵ4ʩפŷֱһ˼
ж鲼̣ȵʹµ߲ӿ˴˺ͼԱʹù̽һӺ
ҿ֧֣ӸױѺ˴²͵˺ӹϣ˽ȵʩ⡣
ȻˣЩ²ҲǰҪǮġ
˺ʩ
ڳױǵļٵ뽾жУݵͣ⣬ûܵţһֱ˳С
ͶӻµΪʧⷽ棬ײжҪΡ
ԼŷͶ߱ײľɹԻѡԵĺıְһλ⽻١
ܹʿ˺̣Ϊ⽻ٵĹٷݣ˼ļӳãӹʦѡ
ʿ˺¹ٵ۹ӢʦĹףʱĺˡ
ײһֱšשֻҪʽλʩ㣬ʲô̶ڻ£ˡ
Ǻ
ʩԱʦΪԭڰȴС
˺ӹ˾ѹ¶ʹøױսǰϼƸߴ2.73ˣããеľԼһ롣
հʿ˺ӵľ飬ƻðϿڶĺһƽʽ˺ӣѹҲûн꾡ĵ⡣
Ķ͵Ķʩʽֱ
˭֪ʩ֮ķ˲ŷ֣
Ͽ̫ƽһ˵ĺ棬ҪȼձȺһ˵ͳ20ףƽʽ˺ӡ
ٵķ˺ӹ˾Ĵ
Ϣ
һƬȻ˺ӹ˾Ʊʽµʱڵÿ17.2ʣڶ̶̵İʱ͵33ҲԼֵ1/3ɡ
ֵȥ98%ķͶϸ¥ȻһԾ¡
˺ӹ˾ƱľҶش27.63ͶѪ飬ҲܱߵӢ¹ٵ۹Ͷߣǰء
˺ӹ˾ھӪҲ⣬Ϊĸ߹ܲ㣬ڹΪ̵´ʽ
Ϊڸ࣬ծȯ˾ôʽǮ¸ԱȺ150Ա˻¸ֽסˣֳ˾Ц
1886
˺ӹ˾ʩʵѾȫֹͣȲʾԸ5400Ԫַβ̡
ֳûٵľٶͼŭ˸߰ķˡ
ͼ¬ȹ۲ұͷŭָڶͼٰ˺ӹ̣չ¶ƣĺѡѺһŨӰdzıѡ
˵ķŭȫ⡣
Ϊ˰˴Ӯսǰѳ̵ľʹˣ·ʮΪ˶ͷ̨
ڵ
ңڹ̨ϻΪԮںܶشĹһ£漰ĸױ⣬˹ͺ캣Ҫ⣬ʵ˺ܶ鷳
ڶ֮
ϧĴŮ1886괣ŦԼϣҲı־Լ
˵ͷεĺãɵõʲôأ
ڷ˺ӹ˾˺ڼ䣬ǸֵIJϡ
ʰ·˺ʵͰٰϣԴͲѡҲˬдϣݺݵİ˷һ
Ƶ÷˺ӹ˾ò2550Ԫֵۣ750Ԫ·Ƿֽƺġһ١
õԱңƻʹ·Ӫ˹̽ȡ
ֺ5400Ԫıۣͼͼַ˵İ˺ӹ̣ⲻdzĴʲô
пûģһǼְӹ̣ǾشԵս˺ĿҪ
Ǻ̧۸ñװǵȥе
û֪ͼ¬ȹ۲ұdz߶һ۷籩ּںݺݴͶҡϵ
ʵϣж˼ɹ
ͼ¬ȹ۲ұרҵԱǽʵϵȽֻɿɣɱֵIJԡ
ذרҵӢ£ȹýõձתأһŴ˷ڵķŭ
פʹɺӱɢʱϳŹ߹Ƕ5㱻
ܶƷƣ÷˲òβͣϵӿ˰ǿӲ̬ȡ
Ȼܾıۣϴʾ棺ʢİɣķӲڶթ費ϣٴη
ķƱãԶDZϿô
ΪǺƢܹһٶ۸˵ĹңӢûеڶ
Ϊȥ곬ӢͳΪǿˣԶԶ
Ǹǿˡ
˱ӢijƺΪžţУһȺָںıԼǿ
ϵľˣϵ٪塣
˶ձ֪ۣȻԶǿ
¹Ͱٵ۹ȻԶԶȻܹǿУΪǿ
ֻھϻκһ缶ǿ̨ܲĵСȦӡ
˺¼ʼ
ֳ˳Ȼ̬ȣײ˺ӹ̹˾ڼ䣬ܶṩ
Ҫ˸ˣҪṩһпܵı
˺ӹȫְͣƺûἰʲôֵҪı÷ۼߡ
ʣԳȨָʾ
֣Աֵļģ֪˸㲻¶ֺαؼ¶̰Ŀ˿͡
̣綼С
˳ϲҲ
еĻ㾡ԼеСԷϵصΪۣȴ˼һ˿һ
˵Ӷˡ
ʵԤϵһ˺ӹ˾֮Ͷ߶̸֮ɫ䡣
˭Ըѱʽˮ
Ϊʰ̯ӣǣͷһҹ˾˺ӹ̣ԭĺƽʽ˺Ӹijˮբʽ˺ӡ
ڵĿ̫ˣ˺ӹ֮̽һԤ㳬ԭƻһϣͶѾ11.2ڷɡ
ʣµ֮ѵĵضΣҾԭĿֻ6ˣڻһʾʱԽԽࡣ
֯ʰ̯ӵĹ˾ܹŵȫ£ҲŷͶߵO㹻Ĺʽ
ҲɵרҵʣµĹҲҪʮɣ˳¡
һʱгǣͷ˺ӹ˾OʽٵĿֻԤʽ7.1%
ʵΪ̵£18927£Э̣7200ļ۸̯Ӷ˳
ˣ˺ӹ˳Ļص˳Уң˱Ӷˡ
ȶСĿ꣬1סskjvvx;ֻĶַskjvvx
188510£ӢڶսӢӡȴٳսһٹգ²
ˣ
һֱ߶ȹעϰ뵺ƣڵýҲ˳ٱȫĿ۷
ϰ뵺
⽻ǹע룬ֻҪǣ浽廪̵ĺϷ棬Ͳ棬Ǿ۾Ʒչ
ӢڶսҪĿڷϰ뵺ֳţӢӡֳصĶ㹻ĸ
顣
ĮҲǶϰ뵺ƲģίʵûǸʵȥ֣Ϲۡ
1886ԪһգӢ鲢ӢӡȣֽҪ̲͢飬Ǵ峯ķ֮һ
ִ̣¶ʮգŴȄӢǰפʹŷھʦǩˡӢӢ
ҪΪ
Ӣÿʮ峯ʹһΣ͢ӢȡõһȨ塢ӢӦԱ߽磬߽ͨרµ
䲼گʽ˹ֳطΧ˹ֱܶϽ
ͬʱ
䲼گϳǹ˾ĽƣΪֱܶϽ
ϳչӹ˾ĽƣΪչֱܶϽ
ֱϽľŴܶɴչΪʮܶ
ʷijֹǰˮȥһεʮ
1895ӢһڸУԼɪŲ׳ΪֳϷǿҵͷ˹Ӣֳԭʷһ
ڳ
ǰ࣬Ժ鳤Ĺѫϳºغ治Σڼغ71ꡣ
Ϊ˾ٰ¡صĸ߹֣Գϯӳ-֣Դ֪ǣԺ鳤壬Ժ鳤µһ߲㣬λԪѫĸ
Źʮһ߹̣֣ҲסĿˡ
ȺһɷͬСɣװݷȥ˵ȹԱ壬ڰ˳䣬ϵ𢣬˿ʧ
ȳϻ̳Ͽ֣±塣ТҲ۷˵ֱһȥߵײѡ
ֳزϸȥТ֣꣬Էˡ
4µļڣȥˡ
ȺĿ£֣˱˵飬һƫĵϢӻֽ˴ȥˡ
ʱҪһ˰¡
1882굽1895꣬13䣬˿1882ĩ4685˷һѸǰ9377.53ˣ˿ҲԶˡ
ɣɽޱ䡣
һзչĻԻͣ벻Ԫѫһ˵Ŭ㣬и֣̾
ȺԽӢǿҵóʢԶӶλλһҵȫ¿Ƽͷ֡
ڳΪ۹ʵ۵ĺǣɶ֣ѹȥˣʱ迼ǡ
Ļʵ۹ϣȱһ飬Ǿצ۵
ʮʱ
չҵãִڽһֳѾޱȵĽѡպͻ̡
Իѧ͵Ϊĵڶιҵ˳УһֱƼչȵ㣬ķ죬Ķ֮
ʮ귢չ̣ó֣Ըпǧ
ЩĹҵչɾ˶ۣĻҲʼɣӰﶫĻҪƶá
嵺ϸ߹·˰ͻе·ʵòΪ֮Ȼһ¡
ڴ
ܶ·Ҳ˰ͻһٽҵչʹóҵũҵеҵõ֧š
ЩĽĿӦþǽܷ˰ӵİ˺ӣҲdzΪĽ
ͬԭʷһ㣬ڽ˺һ˸ͷۻҫһֳ˹ʴЦ
˺ӹ̵ǷʱΪĵ˺ӹ˾ܾײʿ˺ӣ18691117ʽͨ
ΰ̣ͨŷǺ߹ؼĹ㡣
ĻֲҪз϶˵ĺǣԭ˼˳1.6̣ҲΪײӮ˾ҫ
ʿ˺ӵijɹʹﵽ壬ΪѧԺԺʿѧԺԺʿõŴʮѫºӡѫ£Ӣƺš
ЩɹײƮƮȻüԸͰΪְ˺ӹʧܵ
˺ӹ̹˾УײרУ·ʦĵһŲᣬ֮Ϊ⡱
û꾡ʵĻϣʵƶʩҴ
Ͽȴʪȡܲͨθӣʩȱʩ
˺ӹ
55ҵ4ʩפŷֱһ˼
ж鲼̣ȵʹµ߲ӿ˴˺ͼԱʹù̽һӺ
ҿ֧֣ӸױѺ˴²͵˺ӹϣ˽ȵʩ⡣
ȻˣЩ²ҲǰҪǮġ
˺ʩ
ڳױǵļٵ뽾жУݵͣ⣬ûܵţһֱ˳С
ͶӻµΪʧⷽ棬ײжҪΡ
ԼŷͶ߱ײľɹԻѡԵĺıְһλ⽻١
ܹʿ˺̣Ϊ⽻ٵĹٷݣ˼ļӳãӹʦѡ
ʿ˺¹ٵ۹ӢʦĹףʱĺˡ
ײһֱšשֻҪʽλʩ㣬ʲô̶ڻ£ˡ
Ǻ
ʩԱʦΪԭڰȴС
˺ӹ˾ѹ¶ʹøױսǰϼƸߴ2.73ˣããеľԼһ롣
հʿ˺ӵľ飬ƻðϿڶĺһƽʽ˺ӣѹҲûн꾡ĵ⡣
Ķ͵Ķʩʽֱ
˭֪ʩ֮ķ˲ŷ֣
Ͽ̫ƽһ˵ĺ棬ҪȼձȺһ˵ͳ20ףƽʽ˺ӡ
ٵķ˺ӹ˾Ĵ
Ϣ
һƬȻ˺ӹ˾Ʊʽµʱڵÿ17.2ʣڶ̶̵İʱ͵33ҲԼֵ1/3ɡ
ֵȥ98%ķͶϸ¥ȻһԾ¡
˺ӹ˾ƱľҶش27.63ͶѪ飬ҲܱߵӢ¹ٵ۹Ͷߣǰء
˺ӹ˾ھӪҲ⣬Ϊĸ߹ܲ㣬ڹΪ̵´ʽ
Ϊڸ࣬ծȯ˾ôʽǮ¸ԱȺ150Ա˻¸ֽסˣֳ˾Ц
1886
˺ӹ˾ʩʵѾȫֹͣȲʾԸ5400Ԫַβ̡
ֳûٵľٶͼŭ˸߰ķˡ
ͼ¬ȹ۲ұͷŭָڶͼٰ˺ӹ̣չ¶ƣĺѡѺһŨӰdzıѡ
˵ķŭȫ⡣
Ϊ˰˴Ӯսǰѳ̵ľʹˣ·ʮΪ˶ͷ̨
ڵ
ңڹ̨ϻΪԮںܶشĹһ£漰ĸױ⣬˹ͺ캣Ҫ⣬ʵ˺ܶ鷳
ڶ֮
ϧĴŮ1886괣ŦԼϣҲı־Լ
˵ͷεĺãɵõʲôأ
ڷ˺ӹ˾˺ڼ䣬ǸֵIJϡ
ʰ·˺ʵͰٰϣԴͲѡҲˬдϣݺݵİ˷һ
Ƶ÷˺ӹ˾ò2550Ԫֵۣ750Ԫ·Ƿֽƺġһ١
õԱңƻʹ·Ӫ˹̽ȡ
ֺ5400Ԫıۣͼͼַ˵İ˺ӹ̣ⲻdzĴʲô
пûģһǼְӹ̣ǾشԵս˺ĿҪ
Ǻ̧۸ñװǵȥе
û֪ͼ¬ȹ۲ұdz߶һ۷籩ּںݺݴͶҡϵ
ʵϣж˼ɹ
ͼ¬ȹ۲ұרҵԱǽʵϵȽֻɿɣɱֵIJԡ
ذרҵӢ£ȹýõձתأһŴ˷ڵķŭ
פʹɺӱɢʱϳŹ߹Ƕ5㱻
ܶƷƣ÷˲òβͣϵӿ˰ǿӲ̬ȡ
Ȼܾıۣϴʾ棺ʢİɣķӲڶթ費ϣٴη
ķƱãԶDZϿô
ΪǺƢܹһٶ۸˵ĹңӢûеڶ
Ϊȥ곬ӢͳΪǿˣԶԶ
Ǹǿˡ
˱ӢijƺΪžţУһȺָںıԼǿ
ϵľˣϵ٪塣
˶ձ֪ۣȻԶǿ
¹Ͱٵ۹ȻԶԶȻܹǿУΪǿ
ֻھϻκһ缶ǿ̨ܲĵСȦӡ
˺¼ʼ
ֳ˳Ȼ̬ȣײ˺ӹ̹˾ڼ䣬ܶṩ
Ҫ˸ˣҪṩһпܵı
˺ӹȫְͣƺûἰʲôֵҪı÷ۼߡ
ʣԳȨָʾ
֣Աֵļģ֪˸㲻¶ֺαؼ¶̰Ŀ˿͡
̣綼С
˳ϲҲ
еĻ㾡ԼеСԷϵصΪۣȴ˼һ˿һ
˵Ӷˡ
ʵԤϵһ˺ӹ˾֮Ͷ߶̸֮ɫ䡣
˭Ըѱʽˮ
Ϊʰ̯ӣǣͷһҹ˾˺ӹ̣ԭĺƽʽ˺Ӹijˮբʽ˺ӡ
ڵĿ̫ˣ˺ӹ֮̽һԤ㳬ԭƻһϣͶѾ11.2ڷɡ
ʣµ֮ѵĵضΣҾԭĿֻ6ˣڻһʾʱԽԽࡣ
֯ʰ̯ӵĹ˾ܹŵȫ£ҲŷͶߵO㹻Ĺʽ
ҲɵרҵʣµĹҲҪʮɣ˳¡
һʱгǣͷ˺ӹ˾OʽٵĿֻԤʽ7.1%
ʵΪ̵£18927£Э̣7200ļ۸̯Ӷ˳
ˣ˺ӹ˳Ļص˳Уң˱Ӷˡ
ȶСĿ꣬1סskjvvx;ֻĶַskjvvx