ʱ
۹ʵ֣ԶȨˡij¼У永17̣Ϊд5~12겻ȡ
ŷʾãأ̫
ʣ39永ĺ126Ѻ̳նڵ̣кá
˴
ϵ㣬ںзǶȻij﹥⣬һ취ҲûС
⣬մʵ֣ԭ˵ʺŷСû˺ֳأڶߣ
Ȼֱ˵ֱҪ
ںЩŷֳǿԣǵʱͻԻѾȥˡ
ʮǷӿʱܽЩСѹˣûDZݵ̨
ȷսս˵ֳʷ
ĵڶζӡȺսս˺ٶֳ롣
ʱռ˵Īɣȿֳأʹֻʣ°ϲһСֳأ˵ļյĻԻѲڡ
ʱijӿǰ̲Էֳ˦˽ȥ
չ1903ũ꣬³ŵʱ
ʵ֣Ծ˻ʼ촬һֱdzĻʼҺĽӽ裬ʼҺǴ۹صĽҲĺ۹ʯ
ʵ֣
̵۹ʼҺʵѷɫӢȴѷɫڵ¹ܳΪ˶ӡ
۹鼰Ĵǵ͵ĺ۹ԶٵսdzϾ˿и
ʼҺķչ࣬ڴʵ֣ԵС
Գ
۹ʼҺʼձڵһݶУĿǰܵӢоߵĵ¹ͷϵȶԼĽࡣ
ڵ¹ȥӢӢļӿ˱ܵIJԳơ
ڵһݶУԼıܽ࣬ŻԽ
һʮijܣӢѾעڵ¹ʱ֮ңijеľԾͲôǿˡ
ȷʵӢչȫλ⽻ϵΡáĻóε˫ΪУӢȫж顣
ӢԶһ·ˣҲô룬˫õijɷݴء
ǰ
ںϾϣѷɫӢ½ؾϣѷɫڵ¹ھѷɫ
ǰ֮Ҫ
ڽڶιҵ˳ӿֵ¿Ƽ·оչãгһڶǧŰ˿ڣIJƸ
ҵչȫԣγɾгǵ۹չĸ
۹Ӱϰ뵺жǣǣгҲһȨͷչȨIJпᾺ
ôһڣҾҪٳһڡ
Ӣ֮εìܾԴڴˣӢΪֳǿ19ĩ֮ǰѾ緶ΧȦռ˴ֳأԵֳ
˵dzԵĶǶԲļȶߡ
־۹Ͱٵ۹ʱȽ1970IJھ۽ŷĴ۸Ӿڳ硣
ȵʱǰ鷳ۿʱĻЩ˹ҵ֮أ
¹ֿģ1887ȺױǺ̹ɣǣͨǿľռֳأ˵ϷǺ͵ֳء
ڶǵൺҲռһ̣˶ѡ
Ͳˣԭϵͻ˹˳ռˣǵ͵ֿУޡ
˶ԷģҲԸ¹ٵ۹˵Ҫԭ֮һΪ˸
һֱͼֳԭİҲΪֹȻΨһ
ϧӢͳϣӢյܶͳܶ캣ϲذԭڣʵϵĸԭ½
ûӢͳ㱾Ҳɲȥ
Ϊ
һֱŽΪеľóĻϵͼӵףɳûɿڡ
ǿֳκֳͼƲӢֳǿǵϾʵ
¹һ꣬촬гˮζźĴϻŴССˮӡ
һۿȥ
˳źʮĴ̨ϣͣڽеľ֣ǧæµչĸѹܵһ³չҵϢ
촬ΪףźһſʮҴССĴˣһ
һĴ߰ˣǴ۹촬֮һ
Ŵʮѧļ֧ţսֵ֣ɢԶ䶳ﶼԽ죬ҲǴ۹Ϊۺ촬IJҵ
۹ʵ֣˵ͬ£Ӳڽе4.6ֿʯɢ1.823.2֣ⶼǴ۹˹˾촬
ڵ
촬dzңӢ˵Ĵᵽ죬¹ˣˣ˵ĴҲᵽ죬ȱĴҵչ
ͬˣϵҵ˴Ѿλеһ100%ڹڽ죬ټٽܱߵһЩСܹټҴĿ
ҲǺǿͺǿóеڶĶóǿԶ䣬估ںż
ںһ˼ټСʹ
ǰһ
ʵ֣Կִеġ͵һս롱ţҲǵ13ңߴĽʮ¥ôߣڴеľ׳ۡ
ҡ롱Ѿ87%Ľǰ̨Ѿϣ߸ߵĸΦѾλ͵ȴװĹˡ
ӴĿսǰᴩ2/3ĺϲװ״34ôʹõľװ֡
ͷװָָ꣬綥Уİ˴ָȭͷƷ
̸ڱʽҬǡսнýͼոͨһʼҺרҺͽ˼ʮҪһһĽ
Ѿȷˣʹع̨ʹֻ16̨ѹ¯ܼܹŷ2.55ܹ2.1ֵȻںϿ쭵ʮڵĸ١
ʮǰ붼롣
ǵڶιҵ˳ٷչ֮£ܵõľƼ
ʽġҬǡսн˱ʽǵȲһ¼жԺͿԣص˫װѾڰ˹гٴ飬֤ں͵ҩϵͳܡ
ʽڵҩϵͳȫר䱸̨˫װǾǰ̨
һ¹һͬǰС
ѧ37¹ڣ15ں9Ӣڣ٣ɣȵŷҵרңǸнƸ
ڴ۹ʮĻרѾΪչ壬ͬ˵۹Ƽչļ
ʼҺϽԭǽ˾٣һĻϽнȺźִ˻ʼҺȨҲDZĽӰѡ
ûģ㹻ҳϣ㹻
ʵ֣ʮһûб仯Ҫעصľҳϣβܹﵽʵ۱εıԶһܹ
ͬڱһӲ죬Ͻ²ڽеġ롱սнȴĿƵƵһߡ
˳۹⿴ȥԭdzʼҺ½ƳġDZDZͧлȻ
ԭ¶սнѾ裬ȴDZͧȤ
ӻʼҺ
4Ǿǵ纣ձġڡսԣӢˣ¹˺˶ǣͬˡ
DZּͧٶֵСǿűϲͶ˴ĿоѣʼһƵз
ڻʼҺӹDZͧ˲ࡣ
ڡ߲ڸDZͧЩСʼҺĽĿۣҲע顣
Ҳϰ£ճ˼ǧĴ⣬ЩëֵСϷôۣܿ
DZͧĿڱصעĿ㺣һڸ߹ҫ⣬ɿоԼͧзʽܵõֵıϡ
⼸꾭ѽʱڣüκĿҲܲüDZͧĿصʽ֧һֱΪ档
Ϊ
۹DZͧƼһֱȽˮӦԶ۹չDZͧλձϴµһﵽ920ּ
ǧּDZͧҲһ֮ң
û취
۹չκ͵ĽͧԶ̶رܵӲ
Ϊ۹ĺʵ̫Ϊʵע˳ʼҺķչƲ
Ҫ̣ͧٲˡ
һսнŷͬʣλձҪ20~30%Ǵ̣Ҫӵпս
κʱⶼǴ۹ʼҺӵҪ
սнѲѲҲѲDZͧˣҪ
ȶСĿ꣬1סskjvvx;ֻĶַskjvvx
۹ʵ֣ԶȨˡij¼У永17̣Ϊд5~12겻ȡ
ŷʾãأ̫
ʣ39永ĺ126Ѻ̳նڵ̣кá
˴
ϵ㣬ںзǶȻij﹥⣬һ취ҲûС
⣬մʵ֣ԭ˵ʺŷСû˺ֳأڶߣ
Ȼֱ˵ֱҪ
ںЩŷֳǿԣǵʱͻԻѾȥˡ
ʮǷӿʱܽЩСѹˣûDZݵ̨
ȷսս˵ֳʷ
ĵڶζӡȺսս˺ٶֳ롣
ʱռ˵Īɣȿֳأʹֻʣ°ϲһСֳأ˵ļյĻԻѲڡ
ʱijӿǰ̲Էֳ˦˽ȥ
չ1903ũ꣬³ŵʱ
ʵ֣Ծ˻ʼ촬һֱdzĻʼҺĽӽ裬ʼҺǴ۹صĽҲĺ۹ʯ
ʵ֣
̵۹ʼҺʵѷɫӢȴѷɫڵ¹ܳΪ˶ӡ
۹鼰Ĵǵ͵ĺ۹ԶٵսdzϾ˿и
ʼҺķչ࣬ڴʵ֣ԵС
Գ
۹ʼҺʼձڵһݶУĿǰܵӢоߵĵ¹ͷϵȶԼĽࡣ
ڵ¹ȥӢӢļӿ˱ܵIJԳơ
ڵһݶУԼıܽ࣬ŻԽ
һʮijܣӢѾעڵ¹ʱ֮ңijеľԾͲôǿˡ
ȷʵӢչȫλ⽻ϵΡáĻóε˫ΪУӢȫж顣
ӢԶһ·ˣҲô룬˫õijɷݴء
ǰ
ںϾϣѷɫӢ½ؾϣѷɫڵ¹ھѷɫ
ǰ֮Ҫ
ڽڶιҵ˳ӿֵ¿Ƽ·оչãгһڶǧŰ˿ڣIJƸ
ҵչȫԣγɾгǵ۹չĸ
۹Ӱϰ뵺жǣǣгҲһȨͷչȨIJпᾺ
ôһڣҾҪٳһڡ
Ӣ֮εìܾԴڴˣӢΪֳǿ19ĩ֮ǰѾ緶ΧȦռ˴ֳأԵֳ
˵dzԵĶǶԲļȶߡ
־۹Ͱٵ۹ʱȽ1970IJھ۽ŷĴ۸Ӿڳ硣
ȵʱǰ鷳ۿʱĻЩ˹ҵ֮أ
¹ֿģ1887ȺױǺ̹ɣǣͨǿľռֳأ˵ϷǺ͵ֳء
ڶǵൺҲռһ̣˶ѡ
Ͳˣԭϵͻ˹˳ռˣǵ͵ֿУޡ
˶ԷģҲԸ¹ٵ۹˵Ҫԭ֮һΪ˸
һֱͼֳԭİҲΪֹȻΨһ
ϧӢͳϣӢյܶͳܶ캣ϲذԭڣʵϵĸԭ½
ûӢͳ㱾Ҳɲȥ
Ϊ
һֱŽΪеľóĻϵͼӵףɳûɿڡ
ǿֳκֳͼƲӢֳǿǵϾʵ
¹һ꣬촬гˮζźĴϻŴССˮӡ
һۿȥ
˳źʮĴ̨ϣͣڽеľ֣ǧæµչĸѹܵһ³չҵϢ
촬ΪףźһſʮҴССĴˣһ
һĴ߰ˣǴ۹촬֮һ
Ŵʮѧļ֧ţսֵ֣ɢԶ䶳ﶼԽ죬ҲǴ۹Ϊۺ촬IJҵ
۹ʵ֣˵ͬ£Ӳڽе4.6ֿʯɢ1.823.2֣ⶼǴ۹˹˾촬
ڵ
촬dzңӢ˵Ĵᵽ죬¹ˣˣ˵ĴҲᵽ죬ȱĴҵչ
ͬˣϵҵ˴Ѿλеһ100%ڹڽ죬ټٽܱߵһЩСܹټҴĿ
ҲǺǿͺǿóеڶĶóǿԶ䣬估ںż
ںһ˼ټСʹ
ǰһ
ʵ֣Կִеġ͵һս롱ţҲǵ13ңߴĽʮ¥ôߣڴеľ׳ۡ
ҡ롱Ѿ87%Ľǰ̨Ѿϣ߸ߵĸΦѾλ͵ȴװĹˡ
ӴĿսǰᴩ2/3ĺϲװ״34ôʹõľװ֡
ͷװָָ꣬綥Уİ˴ָȭͷƷ
̸ڱʽҬǡսнýͼոͨһʼҺרҺͽ˼ʮҪһһĽ
Ѿȷˣʹع̨ʹֻ16̨ѹ¯ܼܹŷ2.55ܹ2.1ֵȻںϿ쭵ʮڵĸ١
ʮǰ붼롣
ǵڶιҵ˳ٷչ֮£ܵõľƼ
ʽġҬǡսн˱ʽǵȲһ¼жԺͿԣص˫װѾڰ˹гٴ飬֤ں͵ҩϵͳܡ
ʽڵҩϵͳȫר䱸̨˫װǾǰ̨
һ¹һͬǰС
ѧ37¹ڣ15ں9Ӣڣ٣ɣȵŷҵרңǸнƸ
ڴ۹ʮĻרѾΪչ壬ͬ˵۹Ƽչļ
ʼҺϽԭǽ˾٣һĻϽнȺźִ˻ʼҺȨҲDZĽӰѡ
ûģ㹻ҳϣ㹻
ʵ֣ʮһûб仯Ҫעصľҳϣβܹﵽʵ۱εıԶһܹ
ͬڱһӲ죬Ͻ²ڽеġ롱սнȴĿƵƵһߡ
˳۹⿴ȥԭdzʼҺ½ƳġDZDZͧлȻ
ԭ¶սнѾ裬ȴDZͧȤ
ӻʼҺ
4Ǿǵ纣ձġڡսԣӢˣ¹˺˶ǣͬˡ
DZּͧٶֵСǿűϲͶ˴ĿоѣʼһƵз
ڻʼҺӹDZͧ˲ࡣ
ڡ߲ڸDZͧЩСʼҺĽĿۣҲע顣
Ҳϰ£ճ˼ǧĴ⣬ЩëֵСϷôۣܿ
DZͧĿڱصעĿ㺣һڸ߹ҫ⣬ɿоԼͧзʽܵõֵıϡ
⼸꾭ѽʱڣüκĿҲܲüDZͧĿصʽ֧һֱΪ档
Ϊ
۹DZͧƼһֱȽˮӦԶ۹չDZͧλձϴµһﵽ920ּ
ǧּDZͧҲһ֮ң
û취
۹չκ͵ĽͧԶ̶رܵӲ
Ϊ۹ĺʵ̫Ϊʵע˳ʼҺķչƲ
Ҫ̣ͧٲˡ
һսнŷͬʣλձҪ20~30%Ǵ̣Ҫӵпս
κʱⶼǴ۹ʼҺӵҪ
սнѲѲҲѲDZͧˣҪ
ȶСĿ꣬1סskjvvx;ֻĶַskjvvx