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ɯҪаʱŷֶԷʧٵģһʼΪǰˣڼûҵ֮Ŵ绰
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˵һ㣬ķǶսʱھķ²ģŮϻڰǰѾ
ķŮа1692꣬Ůϻ֮ļģҲʮĩ
1776ꡣ
˵ŮϻﻹϵǴӽʼϽأ
Խ¸Ҹķӣ治ҸŮϻԡ
ҲǶŮϻһֻ۱һֻֻۣҪDz¾ͺá
ΨһܹŮϻԿ֯žǽ̻ˣЩ̻Ҳ˥ֱӶʹ˼ȥԸŮϻᣬȻҲ˵Ρ
ýŮϻδǻɣ
ŮŮϻԸ𣿡
ǿ϶DzԸģ˵ûŮŮ϶Ҳύʲôϻᡣ
ǸŮϻϣҿܰﲻ㡣
²˵Ůϻ鱨ҲûչֻǸͨˣŮϻȴǸ֯
ѡҲ㡣ҲһңĸȥˣĸֲˣҾǰļˣҵ˼𣿡
ˡ棬һڰǾȷ
Ͼʱǿһ˼ҼʻٳģȻıͷƤ
˼ǾΪ˴ذ겻ֶΡ
ԴˣΪԱĽҲֻѡĬ
֮Ҷ˵绰ֲͨһ롣
ղݸŮϻ°ˣҪȥʿŮϻᣬһ¼٣
ԣ绰ͷղݸdzȡ
걻°ˣʲôʱ飿
ӦþڼСʱǰҰ赱ʱ˯ʱ
Ҳ˵Ѿ°Сʱ𣿡
ǵġ
绰ͷղݸü˼һż˵
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Ƕ֮ղݸٲٻܰһЩ
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ðɣˣһᱣ˵ģĵȥʿ١
ȻֹݵϺݵϵļˣҲļˣϣɪݣ¶ɯԼһҡ
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Ӧǽһº뷢Լģһﻹ֮ͦǰһѰķ
֮Ϳѩǰ˹͡ɻȥʿ١
Ͼʿپٲǧһ˿ȥķdzܣٶȻ
һ·ϳӷϵĻʲô¼Ļ⡣
ڰķɻDZȽϰȫģʮ֮ͷ¹ʡ
ڷɻҵԼλͻȻһϤŤͷһȻ֮ǰԤԼλŮҽлƶ¡
лƶҽû뵽㣡
൱⣬û뵽ôɣҿպߡ
ҲЩ̫ˣdzգգۣ˸Ц
òͬһܷɻİɣ
ôأʱҪȥһ˲ʿ١лƶҽ֪ȥҪ
ڴѧʱĵʦҴȥʿٲμһѧѧֻᡣˣôˣ
ͻȻᵽ꣬ɵ¶˿Ц
ȥ֮Ҹ̸һ£ת
ԣͦ˵ġ
ҾûбҪΪ赼һ⣬˼ͬĺغܶ࣬ijɳܲ
ͷȷϲ˲Ͳ˵
лƶҽѾĸˣԺÿĩѰ͵赼һƳʮڡ
ΪԼذҪ̫ʱ䣬ֱӰﰬԤԼĩ
һᰲźʱġ
Ůʿǣǣӭ
ʱɻĹ㲥ɻɣͿϽá
ĵɻ˳ա
ԭΪһó̻Ƚģû뵽Ůҽ
ǿǸԣһȭر˷ܡ
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ûУֻڽĹ£μӰ˻ʸûõ˻볡ȯء
ǫһ£Ĵ۾Ŀ˳ݵ˼
һܹõ˻볡ȯģʱȥϤֳ֧㣡
ԽԽģóеĴʱ䶼жȹġ
ͻȻɻһ£г˿һdzԱѸٰ˿͵
ֻһЩС⡣
Ȼܿг˿ͷһķɻð̣ɰг˿ͶŻˡ
ϵðȫȽ
аùû뵽Լһγɻ˴ûã
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ʱܷɻѾ˶ܹûķʽ½Ļɻϵ˻пҴġ
ıըһߵĻأɻѾѱֻ״̬ȥֻܸӲ½
һܷɻֻһܹ
ɻϵij˿Ͷʶһ㣬ÿ˵϶¶˾飬Ҳбһϣϵġ
ϧɯ˵ϵ۾δĴʹܾûм˼ˣôܹ˵أ
ͬľʶԼͻȻס͵ס͡
лƶҽ
ҿҴСǹԹŮڸĸڴѧϰΪѧʿ˵ĿУһֱѹԼʵ뷨еĹһҲŻϲϿйѹǰһ£𣿡
ĿƵĿһֿ
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Ҫʲô
ûֱӻش⣬Цŷ
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¶ЦݣȻصĵͷ
õijŵ֮վɻǻŵλá
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ǻŸdzԱϢңǾȵĿ
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ԱΪˣһȴٵȷǷdzĥˣͲвΪ÷
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¹Ҳײôһ£ϵ˿ûӦͽˡ
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Ҫ֪ΪɻڲͷɻⲿѹIJͬڴǻſҪüֵ
ǻһڴѹ£˲佫ɻ档
ȥ˲䣬˳ֽǻŸˣѹԶŸ
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Ѹٷɵɻ¼ɻٶȡ
ܷɻһܷɹںߵͿͻջʮ֣ص³ٶ֡
ڶħ̬ʱ20ֵﵽ72㣬Ҳû취ڿɻ
̸Ϊˡء
Ҫģ÷ɻܻ赽½
лƶ£ݡɪޱ
ȶСĿ꣬1סskjvvx;ֻĶַskjvvx
ɯҪаʱŷֶԷʧٵģһʼΪǰˣڼûҵ֮Ŵ绰
һϵĺˮ˯ȥûСʱͱѣϢʱdz
ʵ̫ûòˣ
ʲô飿
ΪԶеͰϣɪݾˡ
Ҽ˵飬Ҫ̻ȥ
ԣϣɪҲ۾
ʲô飿Ҫǰæ𣿡
ǰﲻæ˯ɣ
ٴ·Ȼóֻ绰
ιҪ֪Ůϻλ
һǹһ⣬ýЩȦ
һ£ôͻȻŮϻλã
һŭش¡
Ůϻ°ҵã
¸ŵ绰Ҳܸܵķŭ
ѵѵǸվѵŮף
ǵģȷվѣֻа꣬ŮϻΪǰܶͯˣҪʶˣŮϻĵַ
绰ͷĽ˳Ĭ֮УŮϻķɲ̫һ
˵һ㣬ķǶսʱھķ²ģŮϻڰǰѾ
ķŮа1692꣬Ůϻ֮ļģҲʮĩ
1776ꡣ
˵ŮϻﻹϵǴӽʼϽأ
Խ¸Ҹķӣ治ҸŮϻԡ
ҲǶŮϻһֻ۱һֻֻۣҪDz¾ͺá
ΨһܹŮϻԿ֯žǽ̻ˣЩ̻Ҳ˥ֱӶʹ˼ȥԸŮϻᣬȻҲ˵Ρ
ýŮϻδǻɣ
ŮŮϻԸ𣿡
ǿ϶DzԸģ˵ûŮŮ϶Ҳύʲôϻᡣ
ǸŮϻϣҿܰﲻ㡣
²˵Ůϻ鱨ҲûչֻǸͨˣŮϻȴǸ֯
ѡҲ㡣ҲһңĸȥˣĸֲˣҾǰļˣҵ˼𣿡
ˡ棬һڰǾȷ
Ͼʱǿһ˼ҼʻٳģȻıͷƤ
˼ǾΪ˴ذ겻ֶΡ
ԴˣΪԱĽҲֻѡĬ
֮Ҷ˵绰ֲͨһ롣
ղݸŮϻ°ˣҪȥʿŮϻᣬһ¼٣
ԣ绰ͷղݸdzȡ
걻°ˣʲôʱ飿
ӦþڼСʱǰҰ赱ʱ˯ʱ
Ҳ˵Ѿ°Сʱ𣿡
ǵġ
绰ͷղݸü˼һż˵
ҪҪҸһȥһ˲ʿ٣
ˣô죿
Ƕ֮ղݸٲٻܰһЩ
ղݸҲ˼
ðɣˣһᱣ˵ģĵȥʿ١
ȻֹݵϺݵϵļˣҲļˣϣɪݣ¶ɯԼһҡ
λDZȽصġ
ղݸѪںʽıʱ
İķˣҵǻҲڸ顣
һģ
Ҷϵ绰ֻʱͻȻָոͨʱֻյһİ뷢Ķš
дһʿٵĵַһᵽŮϻижԵ֯Ƿ̡
Ӧǽһº뷢Լģһﻹ֮ͦǰһѰķ
֮Ϳѩǰ˹͡ɻȥʿ١
Ͼʿپٲǧһ˿ȥķdzܣٶȻ
һ·ϳӷϵĻʲô¼Ļ⡣
ڰķɻDZȽϰȫģʮ֮ͷ¹ʡ
ڷɻҵԼλͻȻһϤŤͷһȻ֮ǰԤԼλŮҽлƶ¡
лƶҽû뵽㣡
൱⣬û뵽ôɣҿպߡ
ҲЩ̫ˣdzգգۣ˸Ц
òͬһܷɻİɣ
ôأʱҪȥһ˲ʿ١лƶҽ֪ȥҪ
ڴѧʱĵʦҴȥʿٲμһѧѧֻᡣˣôˣ
ͻȻᵽ꣬ɵ¶˿Ц
ȥ֮Ҹ̸һ£ת
ԣͦ˵ġ
ҾûбҪΪ赼һ⣬˼ͬĺغܶ࣬ijɳܲ
ͷȷϲ˲Ͳ˵
лƶҽѾĸˣԺÿĩѰ͵赼һƳʮڡ
ΪԼذҪ̫ʱ䣬ֱӰﰬԤԼĩ
һᰲźʱġ
Ůʿǣǣӭ
ʱɻĹ㲥ɻɣͿϽá
ĵɻ˳ա
ԭΪһó̻Ƚģû뵽Ůҽ
ǿǸԣһȭر˷ܡ
˵Ҫμӽİ˻ᣡ
ûУֻڽĹ£μӰ˻ʸûõ˻볡ȯء
ǫһ£Ĵ۾Ŀ˳ݵ˼
һܹõ˻볡ȯģʱȥϤֳ֧㣡
ԽԽģóеĴʱ䶼жȹġ
ͻȻɻһ£г˿һdzԱѸٰ˿͵
ֻһЩС⡣
Ȼܿг˿ͷһķɻð̣ɰг˿ͶŻˡ
ϵðȫȽ
аùû뵽Լһγɻ˴ûã
Ǹð̵ֱӷ˱ը÷ɻƽ⣬ʼ滬䡣
ʱܷɻѾ˶ܹûķʽ½Ļɻϵ˻пҴġ
ıըһߵĻأɻѾѱֻ״̬ȥֻܸӲ½
һܷɻֻһܹ
ɻϵij˿Ͷʶһ㣬ÿ˵϶¶˾飬Ҳбһϣϵġ
ϧɯ˵ϵ۾δĴʹܾûм˼ˣôܹ˵أ
ͬľʶԼͻȻס͵ס͡
лƶҽ
ҿҴСǹԹŮڸĸڴѧϰΪѧʿ˵ĿУһֱѹԼʵ뷨еĹһҲŻϲϿйѹǰһ£𣿡
ĿƵĿһֿ
ִصϡ
㲻ģǧϣ
˵ŻԼȴѰȫˡ
ĿΪ
Ҫʲô
ûֱӻش⣬Цŷ
¹ܹܲܺԼ
¶ЦݣȻصĵͷ
õijŵ֮վɻǻŵλá
ҡεķɻжdzѣƽ൱
ǻŸdzԱϢңǾȵĿ
ϽصλϵðȫɻϾҪȽˣ
Ҫǻųȥôţ
ԱΪˣһȴٵȷǷdzĥˣͲвΪ÷
žǷɻ¹ʵ֮ɡ
Ȼɻ¹ʵͣdz¹ʵʷdzߡ
¹Ҳײôһ£ϵ˿ûӦͽˡ
ɻ¹ʣƽҲǺüӲصģʱֱµĥ
̷ȴִеһʱ⡣
㻹ǻصλϰɣɡûõģ
ԱΪǷɡ
ȷʵûɡģڷеɻȥֻᱻɻ档
ԱæֻѡԼţŵĻͱȽϴֱˡ
ǺڳԱĿУǻǿд
Ҫ֪ΪɻڲͷɻⲿѹIJͬڴǻſҪüֵ
ǻһڴѹ£˲佫ɻ档
ȥ˲䣬˳ֽǻŸˣѹԶŸ
Ѹٽħ̬ȶϵľάƽ⡣
һĻΪɻڲѹ仯ңûעֻһֱڹעĿ
Ѹٷɵɻ¼ɻٶȡ
ܷɻһܷɹںߵͿͻջʮ֣ص³ٶ֡
ڶħ̬ʱ20ֵﵽ72㣬Ҳû취ڿɻ
̸Ϊˡء
Ҫģ÷ɻܻ赽½
лƶ£ݡɪޱ
ȶСĿ꣬1סskjvvx;ֻĶַskjvvx