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ϴͽϣȫԱϣѧĵλ൱ɾ൱Ͷ࣬18801900ˡ
ֻǿϧ560ʼЩһѧ߱½㣬㻹ڣҲǰ
1898ģ80ꡣ
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ߵһŰ칫桢£ָָǽǵļӣӹ
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ڿһ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬˵ͷҹܣֱȥ
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·촽ţһ˵ӦǴѧУʼɣҲûȥѧ뵽ʲôдʲôȻһʱֻһˣû˿ʡҲû˽̣
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ȴûЦ˼һ˵ԺܲȻķϿʦУȴ辶Գϵ
˵̧ͷų·ɫ쳣棬ೢԼѧ֮£Ϊѣסϻ֮ʿùӡν⣿
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һ£˸ӣ֪³ѸѧģΪˡȹǡġ֡
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йִѧĴɣֱԧɡɡɻɺɽҩɡ
ԧźˮΪҡЦԵ
Դںʡ־Ħ齨һ̸ֲ¡ͻDz֣̩䡶¼ԱڹѵͷʱƽƷΣȴܷǵIJ硣
ġҲġ
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ڼһ飬ų·˵дɲ硢дտսд֪ĵͳܶҲдD洬ʵƷŶǰЩ컹С˵дһϺӰС˵
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Ūһ϶Dzеģ˼ҴӼͿʼǧʮѧҵ֪ѧĹʦԱĽ壬30ѧ硢40ɽڣ֮շתڱϴУν̣ڽ
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ڿų·ҲżαϣһDZʼǵĶ
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³Ѹ־ȹ϶ǣĴɣһ㣬Ȼֺȫǡ
˺һ̧ͷС˵дϲƷ
ƺҲ
ϲŻˣ룬ʼijϣ
ȴЦҡҡͷմ˵ߣĸϣԼƷöϲȻ㡣
Ц˵ղ˵ûпġ㽫ΪԺĿģ˵ҲȫԡڵԴֻᡣ
³ѸܶԹªϰʹޡһв¡ͼԴڡ
ٶʵ̲ŶԹ硢ƬءԼİ
Щġģһ˵ľں̬ȣֶɼˣҪԼȥңԼҲ˵ѧʻûг졣
ҵΣǰҵģղŵ⣬ҲʲôѧĵijԡԼѧĵĿȥңҲƵͷʼ
˵Ȼ˰֣ڸ˵ЩֻѧϰĿʲôѧѧ㲻ֻͼ飬ҪԼ˼룬ѧһͿԱҵˡ
·գգۣЩա
оƻƫ
ģдС˵ijԾΪǮĿоҲΪƽͬʱҲԼ̫鷳̫ʱ䡣
ڷҪȥʲôģøƵģأʦĴϾЩݣֱˣûô
ʱڴӳóֽڳ·ǰѧϰƻһڼҪͨĿĿȿһۣЩѧģ
·ɨһۣϾѧѧѧѧѧ˼оѧоȵȡ
˵ȫαDz֪ѧУĿαDzһ
Ҳ⣬Ц˵ƺڵͬ־ǴǶۺܸߣ˵±磬ⲻ˼Կα֪ʶշdzι̡
Ȼ㶼ѧЩγҿ㲻ȥϿΣ䲻ڣܿαôģҲֻѶȺе죬ڵĿѶȣûʲôӰ졣
¾ĩԣʱһܱĿγ̶ϣȡһѧ֣Ӱѧϰ
ϿΣ
·ʱϲôڴ룬ȥμϿأû뵽˼
Ȼ˵ڶֽҸе鵥30ǿγûеġͼݽ飬Щ鶼ͨһ顣
·һۣŽⶼУЩеÿˡ
תͷų·Цӯӯ˵ÿһ飬дһƪĵøң⣬ÿһ9㿪ʼһСʱʱ䣬顢顣
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ÿһ壿Ҳǻزȥˣ
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ֵأʹûֹ
ֳʮҽԼʮѧҽڣйҽվ֧֣ûһ
ҵ
涼Ѿ죬иҵλͰˣȥ˵ʱ죬ƺҲﲻʲôæ
뵽·źط֣Լ¬Ѿûˣ
ڻ˵ţѡŵѧòô鷳ڹŵѧһ黹ЩȨģǶԡӡīӡׯӡ⼸ĵá
֮ǰѡһעDZڵǿ¿ʼҲÿԵҵ֡
⻰·Ȼ80ˣ¸żעɲСֻѧʵˣ־
˵ҡҡͷϧѡȴйִѧ
ãִѧԴ20ҵijɳصȻҵѧڹŵѧ棬ָѧִѧӦûûġ
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ʮλһţϿϴĿǿУͳͳ֨ĬϵΪȫѧѧϵ֮ס
⡰ϰС֮ѹһĿɲֻ࣬ѧӲı¡
νѧǴ¥֮ν˴ʦ֮νֻҪʦ㹻࣬Ϳôţ
ѧȻȱʦȴûпŽġš
ϴͽ
ϴСϡֱǺСʯзٽģ
ҲСϡϯƽ𡣣ģ
ϴͽϣȫԱϣѧĵλ൱ɾ൱Ͷ࣬18801900ˡ
ֻǿϧ560ʼЩһѧ߱½㣬㻹ڣҲǰ
1898ģ80ꡣ
ôһͣȻܳϿΡѧ·һ䡰ϵ׳Ҳ֪ʲôȥݡ
ߵһ칫ҡ
칫Ű칫ʱûڣȻȽűȽߵȴȡ
ߵһŰ칫桢£ָָǽǵļӣӹ
·ã漴ź¼ȡ֪ͨŵǣãҽǹġ
ڿһ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬˵ͷҹܣֱȥ
һ£תͷų·ҶıʱȽӱķȽϻãһ⣬dzѵá
һ˵ѧģǴģ¿ʼһ㣬ȴǴʲôʱʼѧĵģ
·촽ţһ˵ӦǴѧУʼɣҲûȥѧ뵽ʲôдʲôȻһʱֻһˣû˿ʡҲû˽̣
ǺЦſһЦܾƫ˰ɡ
ȴûЦ˼һ˵ԺܲȻķϿʦУȴ辶Գϵ
˵̧ͷų·ɫ쳣棬ೢԼѧ֮£Ϊѣסϻ֮ʿùӡν⣿
·룬á˵дһַȴѧʵĸ˵ǡۺӦһѧijԡʽĿȫλʵ֡
ڵͷȻҲܴɣɼϻۣ˽дˣһ꣬ѧƣдд¡ͨС˵ӣ꣬ܳɳΪһϸдˣɾͲ㡣
²ɾҲ֮ǰ£Ҿһָо£ûСġ
·գգۣտʼе㲻̫ףֻ룬ᵽ˼˵˼ǣѧĵijԻĿIJȷµⲻ
ڻͷô˵
һ£˸ӣ֪³ѸѧģΪˡȹǡġ֡
Dz˵һҪڼҹϡȻԼҹΪĵˣ϶Ҫ֣ʽҲһ˵ġ
йִѧĴɣֱԧɡɡɻɺɽҩɡ
ԧźˮΪҡЦԵ
Դںʡ־Ħ齨һ̸ֲ¡ͻDz֣̩䡶¼ԱڹѵͷʱƽƷΣȴܷǵIJ硣
ġҲġ
кɻɵֹ۾ԼΪѧң齨ɽҩɡ
ڼһ飬ų·˵дɲ硢дտսд֪ĵͳܶҲдD洬ʵƷŶǰЩ컹С˵дһϺӰС˵
㣬ʲô
·۾գҵʲô
ʣ϶ѡ˰
⻰˵ҪȻԼ˼ұһͣʲô¶пܷȽһá
Ȼ͵ͷ˼ôش
Ūһ϶Dzеģ˼ҴӼͿʼǧʮѧҵ֪ѧĹʦԱĽ壬30ѧ硢40ɽڣ֮շתڱϴУν̣ڽ
ѧߣҪǸҺŪַӸ
ڿų·ҲżαϣһDZʼǵĶ
·ҷʡ
³Ѹ־ȹ϶ǣĴɣһ㣬Ȼֺȫǡ
˺һ̧ͷС˵дϲƷ
ƺҲ
ϲŻˣ룬ʼijϣ
ȴЦҡҡͷմ˵ߣĸϣԼƷöϲȻ㡣
Ц˵ղ˵ûпġ㽫ΪԺĿģ˵ҲȫԡڵԴֻᡣ
³ѸܶԹªϰʹޡһв¡ͼԴڡ
ٶʵ̲ŶԹ硢ƬءԼİ
Щġģһ˵ľں̬ȣֶɼˣҪԼȥңԼҲ˵ѧʻûг졣
ҵΣǰҵģղŵ⣬ҲʲôѧĵijԡԼѧĵĿȥңҲƵͷʼ
˵Ȼ˰֣ڸ˵ЩֻѧϰĿʲôѧѧ㲻ֻͼ飬ҪԼ˼룬ѧһͿԱҵˡ
·գգۣЩա
оƻƫ
ģдС˵ijԾΪǮĿоҲΪƽͬʱҲԼ̫鷳̫ʱ䡣
ڷҪȥʲôģøƵģأʦĴϾЩݣֱˣûô
ʱڴӳóֽڳ·ǰѧϰƻһڼҪͨĿĿȿһۣЩѧģ
·ɨһۣϾѧѧѧѧѧ˼оѧоȵȡ
˵ȫαDz֪ѧУĿαDzһ
Ҳ⣬Ц˵ƺڵͬ־ǴǶۺܸߣ˵±磬ⲻ˼Կα֪ʶշdzι̡
Ȼ㶼ѧЩγҿ㲻ȥϿΣ䲻ڣܿαôģҲֻѶȺе죬ڵĿѶȣûʲôӰ졣
¾ĩԣʱһܱĿγ̶ϣȡһѧ֣Ӱѧϰ
ϿΣ
·ʱϲôڴ룬ȥμϿأû뵽˼
Ȼ˵ڶֽҸе鵥30ǿγûеġͼݽ飬Щ鶼ͨһ顣
·һۣŽⶼУЩеÿˡ
תͷų·Цӯӯ˵ÿһ飬дһƪĵøң⣬ÿһ9㿪ʼһСʱʱ䣬顢顣
·ʱɵۡ
ÿһ壿Ҳǻزȥˣ
¬šȥҲû£
·Ŭ룬ڴﻹʲôǷɵģ
ֵأʹûֹ
ֳʮҽԼʮѧҽڣйҽվ֧֣ûһ
ҵ
涼Ѿ죬иҵλͰˣȥ˵ʱ죬ƺҲﲻʲôæ
뵽·źط֣Լ¬Ѿûˣ
ڻ˵ţѡŵѧòô鷳ڹŵѧһ黹ЩȨģǶԡӡīӡׯӡ⼸ĵá
֮ǰѡһעDZڵǿ¿ʼҲÿԵҵ֡
⻰·Ȼ80ˣ¸żעɲСֻѧʵˣ־
˵ҡҡͷϧѡȴйִѧ
ãִѧԴ20ҵijɳصȻҵѧڹŵѧ棬ָѧִѧӦûûġ
̧ͷų·Ц뻻Ҳü
·ǺЦãִѧͦá
ѡŵѧ߿ѧ·أɸɲ
źذڰ֣аɣȥ¥ұǻ㰲ᡣգҡ
·ǵ¼ȡ֪ͨͽţع
ȥ¥ѧȻȥᡣ
¥һľɽѧ¥ʳöԶоŴΪڽΨһѧŴѧУ˲࣬ȴ٣·ܿɭֵܷһС䡣
ʮƽŵ˴ǰų¾ɵ
ԭǸ˫˼䡣
·ԭתȦĬϾҡˡ
¬вڽϴѧŶһѧҽСѡרҵΪŮУǶţ
·Ҳû̫ע⣬ʮǶ٣
ˣȥ
ʱһÿνѧDzȥʳáͼݣϡ
ûôѹ·ҵڽϴѧҽѧԺ־
·ǰ־۾ˣʦҲѧ
·ҲļҼˣȥ¥302ҰŪɾһȥ
־Ϣվã˫ֽӹԿףǣ֤
ȳ·뿪Χͬѧ߹ʵ˭ţ
־ǺֱЦʦоģǸߡ
Ȼתܣ˵ˣҪȥɻ
ɻôģ
ʱһͻȻ˵ղ˵ʦʦdz·𣿡
һ˿̨ףԣ˾dz·
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