л̽ʵȥɽ
Ϲ˵ƶûôӡ
лԹԼˣ˵ɶϡܹ
ɽлСDZѧ˺ܶ˵
Ϲ˵չ´ɶϷ
лŷ
ԶλԳ֣˴ˡĵʿϲһ£˼ʿ֪
ĵжߣ۾жСжdz𡣸պգ
Сİȴͬ˵лĥ˽һ䣬˵λ˼亱Ĵʿ
Ȼ仰βǧȷֻмݣлԼȥģñٱ¼Ҫ»ߣ
Ϲ˵ʽḷ̌ԺСİ
л̽ʵж壿
ϹЦģĿ棬ֲֻõСİҲɡ
лͷ֣˹
ϹЦøˣþƣɽĴ֮
л˵£úܣɽѧ˺ܶΪ˴ļɣ˵Ʋϯ̸ʱǰ¡
Ϲԡ
лΣҲ̫Լϱˡ
˵úðľɽҪ꣬黨Ƴ档
ñŮ̳ƣæ⣬
ϹҲȡֻƸһֻ
лǻξƱﵹ˾ˮѵ˵˰ʲô˵òԵĵطһһ˵ɽڱչأɱϹ
Ϲ˵ľƷƶ
Ըóȡ
лգ࣬Сֹ׳˵
Ϲij̧̧°ͣҪˣλʲô
лúܣû꣬ôĨ˵ɽñŮһӣƱѣûܻģۣõúܣ·ϻˣһ
ϹƱһ
ҹһۣƽһֱڴ룬ǧټС֤ʮľ˪ΪС
֮ǰǽFǴͩҶ칬⣬ƽñȽϲңʧһѷ½
FһǷԲޣӵİѱɽ½̨λʦ֮һ
½̨ΪȴָߣǰF͡
Ϊõ½˪ѣƽλš̫ŮޣΪλڤµʮľѾ˳ƽġն̡͡
ڡò顱ޣƽϴڼ䣬һ棬Ȼһ±ȽɴĴڡζֻҪ֣һʨӲȫĽԲκκ칬ĻһսϾF̫ɱģƽɲһҪﲹޣɵԼЩݡ
ϴ۱һλʮľ͵Ϯʵ֤ƽδѣȷʵбҪ
ʦɢɽʿ飬ɾûôˡ
Ϊƽѹֶ֮һɫҳ漰ӵıҳǸҪģġ
dzֽѹƽ⼸Źɲȫ֮ߣλطʮĵն֮˳ͱȽ鷳
ֳֵƵŴȫ֮ߡܹһλʮľ֮µʿڶһȫǵָ
Ϲ̧̧ӣָһ㣬תͷҡ´ЦôﰵԣָһƤӵ£ƫƫҪװмֽԳơͨ
ñŮ䣬ġ
Ѿ֮ˡ
ŵĨ͵СֻͯǾɽóȷɱԶݣطˣզûͷء
Ϲʵѣˣ
лͷһеŵĺö
ϹʵԶŽûģ
л۵˵Ǽߡ
ϹʵɽƼأ
лװɵֻǸ
Ҫ벹ȫһƪҪöע1851¡ƿ
Ȼǰÿһѽ̲صĽݲظ
עġӡ뽣ǴĹϵݰɡ
Ϲ˵裬ˬ֮ϣŮ鰮Щʲô˿ܻ䣬ʵ˴˵
л۵ѣҪôĻҿɾ͡
ϵʿЦŶ
лѵһΣɾͲ˰
˸ݲĵմӣϲӣͲţϵʲôˡ
ǰɽʱߴɽؽ磬Ҫ磬һöȪĽһɡ
곤ڳƽصɽģ࣬ÿγУһңСܼůԿ״
ǻҲû룬ҵŻۣ۸ֲҪЩԺתԼҹӣתɫʦóԱ
ʵʱȪйصģһֻԹһöǻλȥʮ
ҳҲÿλǮ۸һαһθߣؼõģĽͭǮ
Լ֪£Ҳѵû˵ʲô
һλѼڶལм֣ȻDzƴֵϯˡ
ÿһۣιôϵǮֶˡˣô
˸©ѼĽ棬רŻǮˣæȥȪڹ
ΪͽĶȣΪǾֳɽӡܺãҲͶԴһֻ۱һֻˡ
ȥͩҶDZ߰µֹͷϣӵһлҪѲѵԶͨ
бˮֹǼߣڽް˵ȴǴ֮
л뿳ֹһˡ
š˭Ӷš
ֹδἰ֤֮ǰұһս꼰ں۵Ŀֲս֮УۼԶ֮һ
ԡֹţڴȪҦϵĻСԴԶⳡߵijꡣ
Ǹ뿪ߵֹǰĴڣͷְסֹԴ߱һֻе档
֪ΪΣλΡΡ£ֹ߾ɽĴڣǵûɱһͷˮʿڸֹһͨ
ǵijۣиδǰϵʿԷš»
֮ǰ̽סڴ꾩ǵĻ
ǰǰ⼸ĸɽûûĹ
ﵥ£СӿԲᣬòȥ
һ𣬻Ҫװɵգ
ɽӰݺ֮ʯţٲкա粻֣֣ƫƫС·ˣҪ֣
ƺɽȪڰɽһɵĻǡһɽˮС
ҲӦijͳijϱߣ˭дһɽˮطꣿע2180¡ˡ
ԽǾ鰮أԽ
ԶΣģɽԪйһֵʽע3860¡
λɽͽɽʮλ顰ߡ롰ߡһͨ
ħֱе豳һŽɫĵߣ£˷IJɱ
ɽڼ併Գİɮ˵ij֣Ԣβġ硣
뾲һλŮӡ·ͼҪõһ𰸣Ƕˮʹƽһ¡
ʱˮ⣬˼ĵɽôԶڼɽôطΪȥ벻ȥ
Ϲ˻ӣɢЩϣǸˣȥݽնͷDz֮°
лЦո˵龪һ
ϹƲƲ죬Ҫǰ˳λѵһƢҵ·ɱ˭ɱ
ȷ豾Уɱһڼֲ
СİͲ顣Сİˣƽ˵ˡ
֮ˣݣǻҲǸ
оײ㽭ܴģҲֺݵģݵģġ
ݵģûݵͷࡣ·ϣĪһͱˡ
л˵ôġˣɽһСĽ·ҲδػȥϹ˻ˮ
ϹЦأ
лϹи̲ѡ
˹գôɽźһ⣬һһ٣һһͣ˵ͦð
ƼǸ˫ȷɱ糵ꤵĺСϵʿЦ⣬ȴǻ࣬С˰
ǸİͯӣȻDz˵ġ
СǴģܵߣժбްһԶóɣɳþû˰
ϹǸģЦʵþǼ죿
Сһͱ˸ȷȻʱλͰɳˡ
ϹϸЦ⣬ͷˡ
лٴζСĿ
ɽһǿ˴ͣ
Ҫ֪ԶֻҪ䱦̲˼أdz˭ӶһԲϾDzֵɱУڶ֮ǰһ䡰ˣ
СӼתԥοڡ
Ϲ³˼ЦǸȻij˵Ǹǣ߿ʮľȻһݴġȻпʽΪ£һµشˣδе飬֮࣬ᣬ֪ôij˵ı棬˵ġ
£ۣΪӪij˵ˡٵڽ飬֮Ǽɽµһ˵ҦΪ£飬ܵöˣijò˶£ͿԲѴ֮ţط۷塣
СһֲĬĬ£Ժȥ顣
л̾ѣԭĵ£ôʹѹλƽʱԽ
Ϲ˵ʱһˣһʿĵǣҪ߳ġλ£ֶΣȥ
л䲻ʵλУ˰ɣ
Ϲбۿ
ƽභ뿪콣භһ
лŶһǾûϧ
Ϲ˵߹ڵطɽһᣬݣΪ徳ʿڵĵʵ⣬ԽõģԽҪ
ԭλšĸ߹£ڤ¹һˡ֮һɡǵͬΪοɹʮγΪһţϸ˵Сڴ֮ɽĶλ벻ͬľãβŽ⡣½˵ƪۣںδʵ
ʱɽڼ࣬ͨˮ£ڤʮݵʿԿŵ
ֻǵʱ߹´˴ǴԡϹ۽;綼DZߣУЩջ
л۾һȣɶԽõģں˰ֱӱҵ־
˯˵ͷлν̲ء
ϹͳһöݸôôŤñŮѵպá
лǰ㣬ͷϹϾ˫ֽӹö
ϹƤɽż죬ˣ
лֽ֮һ
Ϲ˵λɽѧˣݡ⣬ټϴ˵̫㲻ģ塣
л˵ӵģ㲻˼ףٵߵҲһȷһ˵ҲǸοٷһ֤Ƚһų⣬Ҳѹɣȫˡ⻰˵ò
˵һ䲻ӣֻǿϵʿСİֿѵϣˣñѼdz𣬻ȥСİDZ˵ԼĻ
ϹĬӣáСİΪ£ȷʵ˭˭ûʲô¼ޣ亱䡣
ֻ⸱٣ǰDz̫رˡ
лȻΪԼɽִˡ
ϹƳijأ´ѣνIJģôչصģ
ҡ´DZߣǴڳĬãǺòֳĵĴǣǰйŷߣɷ
ϹЦһվС
л˸ãڳϣ˫ֱȭ˻Σѹ
Ϲȡһ֧ᣬллתУԤףĵӺϵɡ
ллѰ㲻⣬ᣬһϱֻǻīࡣ
ӡġ徻ϸӡǹۡ
л¾ᣬ̧첲һ̧ͷʵܻܲ
Ϲʵ˯СİҪã
ñŮæתͷޣdzţϵŭĿ˵ɶأأŲԺҲСİȥȾƣ
ϹЦǺǡ
ߴһš
ڣ߳ƽǰҹνϣһ˫ָסǼʺ취ۣһЦ´ѡ
ƽɱĿš
۽ǣסЦʵԺˣҲҪǰô
ƽȻ㵽ʮľҪǰ
ȥæ¡
ԼĪʱ
Ȼˡ
ΰϵʿϢ̫龳С
ƽվ˸
ȵƽֱϹڰ֣ˣƶɽǻġ
ƽһʱҭ
ϹҲλ´ѷϻ䣬żɽƶڴƬ̣ⲻϵģв©ȱǡ
֮ʣϹƽһ׳ȭͷ£ϡˡȵ̳һ£ʣµı߽ϣ͵Ŀ̹ˡ
ǹϽIJݣDZߣии飬ͲʺܺáĽˣǼʶڴľ۵ĴɣóϷ̳һ¹һ߿Ϳ̵ǧԣĵ̡һ²ɡ
һ߿̣ƪóĴʫɡ
ƽѾֽһضϽ˫ָס⣬ԴΪ̵
һϱߣǰڷһֻ¯һֻ
Щͷһѵʮŷ
ƽµĶΪͣɴ˿ɼӡ²ʵļͳ̶ȣʤĥʯ
ƽ̧ͷʵʱ̣ǰܵȣлȥڤ£
ϹȻͰ߲ƶǰҪҶɴĹ켣ʱ˲ƶȥ
ƽĬɫ糣ͷСʯ
ԶϹУֻʥֻභ
ƽרעÿһҪΣ£նʯϹƤ£˲Ż͵ϡ
£һ漣ϹץУֱӷҳȻȫǿհס
Ϲҳһ˫ָ£ȫƣֳŷֵע
ɣһŷΪšǸ߹´֮һ
֮˵һţʵʮĴ֮
֮ʿĴڡ
ÿһŴĻƣǧѣĹЧԽǾԽҪ֮ȼۡĽ
ҪĵIJ˵УߣҪĻ֮˵Ĺºˡ
ƽ䵶ô䣬µijΣЪƬ̣ʵЩֶΣס͵Ϯ
Ϲûż𰸣ִӰסһЦЦͬһζ̰ʲôѧʲôķΨѧϰʣպϣܴ½DZѧһ֡Ȼƻܵøǿơֻ½ҲǴʦDZߵġšѧģǴһ漣ˣͬٷ£һʧ棬ߣֹһ֣ǡ
Ϲץһ½״ġͷٺȻ㿿Щֶ߰ΣټеС˼նʬ֮죬ţնʬϺȻһ㹻֧ŵˣǡǰֻᱦɱˣͬʱҲ뱻Сץȥֳη
ƽʵܣᱻ
ϹЦȻΪô£Բذ
ƽæµ
ϹץϱڰڷŵŴ½ı·˪ټŰվαʿյĿ꣬ܰ˴ˡôıǮ˽̹ãΪһðСʿڹԲ֤֮
ƽͷҲ̧ЦУ֮¡
ϹʵΪβѧһѧɽźַ
ƽεѧᡣ
Ϲҡҡͷ
Ȼвͬ
ƽᣬʵǰȭиʵ˵˵ʮſ飬صɽɽԽ
Ϲϳƽøƶ߶ЩѧŵԼĥȥҪŴƶ֤ʲôˡ
֮ƽĬʯ£ڳˡ߽ϣ治١
ϹͷԿˡ
ƽԥһ£ʵ˵ǧԣһdzɣҿ̲ʱûա
Ϲ棬ƶףͲ֣ɽûиҹ𰡡
ƽκΣǰԼ뵽ʯ˼Ӳ䤱ɲα
ϹЦⷽӡţ´ȥڤ£Լȥɽ顣
ƽظǧԲҺµ֣һµı߿ʫǻŸʲô̲ˣǽд⣡
Ϲ˵߿ԼԲ̡ȴҪġƶߡ
ƽһʱԣĬƬ̣ʲôݡ
ϹЦҲһ仰
ƽϽ˵ֱܲǰⷽӡ£
Ϲ˵ȷԼ𣿡
ƽС˵ǷвУ
Ϲʵأ
ƽ˵һ䣬ҾúⰡ
ϹЦ
ƽľ仰
СİˣСİڳͺˡ
Ϲ˵ڤ¸Ȼ³ƽͬͬͬ
ƽͷƤ飬ĬĬ̧֣˲ͷˮۡ
ʸƨʣ϶Ǹǡ
ǰ˵߾ٻɽͳԹġ
ƽ̽ʵܻܲ˵Щ确ͬǽޡ
ϹЦʵƶɴ߶죬ɽ˻ƶ㻤һɽ̸
ƽ
ϹЦǾͻ˵
ƽ⡣
Ϲ˵ɡڤ¸Ȼ³ƽͬǽͬͬͬ
ƽһأ˫Ÿڰϱߡ
զզģӲźˡ
ǰмƽҪܹΡֱϢһķ
ɾʵڵˣ̧䣬šҹԴʹãȫµѡ
ֻѳƽܵķνΣҲԵģƽ˾ֳ൱һλɽͷֻƭˡ
ʵԤģ٣ֻڳµߣ˲ö§һֶַΣ
ʱҲʳƽȥ
ҲϹɽDZߣԳɽչԵɡ
λ䡱С˶ҽӴСġҹֱȥϺڣͩҶв£«ڡ
ڵؽ磬ûмԦֻյǰƽǼԣɽ츽Ƽ˼羮ڵߣԭмλ徳ʿڴ˴ڵڵ̯֣ˮһˮġ˰죬òײҵһȻĺ㣬Ѿҧʿ֮ǰһҡҹڣ۵糸ȥɲǼ㸹С
ү
ԭ㶼ѾҧѹˣҲûи
С˶ֻ֣뿪Ԧɴˮǻҧڱߡ
λʧ֮۵ĸ֣֪ͣȻոˣɼ˷ܲѣְٰʧ䣬Ȼ˷߶һ䣬϶ٰĴ㣡
ϵĶԻƽѾסһ֣кز
һȣĺƽҪ̲סֱӼԦɴϰˡ
ǰܾ֮˻ǴκֶͨΣͬˣζš
ץסᣬһ㸹Уٱλץסһ̫С˺С
дʣȥҳǹ
ʦأ
㲻˾ɣ
ҺʦһԵʿһ㣬ֶ¨
ںʦǸҪ˼㣬װԼ¨
һ·¨ѣһֻˮף˵Ͽ磬ѺȵСơ
Ǽͣʿֻ٣ʶסǰŵմӵĴ
ǰ֮ƽؽ֮˲Ǯͼֽɽˡ
һţӭdzе£Ѱ徳ʿΪ£ʻȴС
ǩһʼʻʤ䷳һ˳ģҪɻݡ
һϲô˽Ӧǩ˴㣬æͣר
ʻȴǩһߴȥǼ棬Ͱѻ˵ˣҪ˭˭ҪͰЩ˻ҪǧټЩܴĻ⣬䳡˵ˣŵģֻЩ𣿶Ǯ
ǵӲŮƣʻеٮٮߣòͳʣټװξζ
ǩⱲùȹۣ֬һܶûʻڶ̶һڸöࡣ
ʦ£ҪһеĿ٣ҪҪѡַڱżپһЩڱȽԶɼҵ졢ССɣΪڵķɸѡʣ¼ȡ
һijʱ˵Ĺױݣͷһ֧βɵһֻΩΩФʺѡ
ʦãֳ¾Ӫɽͷ
ʻԡաڣǴһʡױġܼλʿλޣͷ
ʵѾһλ豾ʻԼԪӤƿѣ֪µģʱֻǩ
ʻⲦĸˡǩؽڣν¼Ϸɣ¼ڲʿܼƲˡһʦãǫ̃ģֻһԪӤĽ
λԾɱԪӤתȥռˣڵļһǩҵʱȻ˵ҪΪ£÷ּˣһ׳ڡϹȥȥ˫һȴҲԸǩ˵Ȼκһλ豾ͷһ֣ô֪ԪӤ˵ɱҲýˡ
ʻ˵ǵ͵ֽΪ硣
ǩҲգ˵ʵֻдDzĶһ;ǩȷʵһͿ
ʻʱ˵˾ֻǩʵȫԷƱɱһ£ûôֻһٶˣḻˣǩһλز¶Ĵ˵ָ֣Ĵʦ豾ɵ˶·硣
ǩˣҲûģҵ棬ֻļο֮
ʻھеλϣŹǷ±ߵ£ʵ
ǩȪͷѽΣDZ̸顣
ⲦѫһģˡϲƵģ߶λòŮġ
ijЩҪͶɵТǮŮˣ߶͡
ʻǸڵİ֣ϯڣΣٴУĿбӡ
ɫdzʵˡ
ֻΪΪʻǰôݹ٣ɵһ棬ûѰ䣬λΪżæŸӭӵԪӤͰһ
ʻһ䣬
ԪӤסΣ˼Ƭ̣ĬȻͷ
ʻһ䣬ᣬҪҪ˳뺣
ԪӤǻ뿪ȫˣ˳뺹֡
ʻû˵
ԪӤ˵ԼԸһ꣬ٺ»ûģҲû˵ʲô׳ƭʻġ
ʻͷԣһĺáֻҪǸܹһֱǮģһȥ
ʻЦѶԷԺٸʦڼ䣬ǩӣʹ꣬Ͱȶ
ԪӤֻ˵һԲˡ
ʻЦѣ˵㲻ұ֤ʲôһС¡ϵܷģẦι㡣
ʱΪɱʦҲǸһ·ܽٵĵӣ˾ֻԹۡһԲ
һССĸΪʦִ䣬亦Լû˵ڵİ䣬ʦ
ȵʻȥһӣʿɲʦŲСʵʦ𣿡
û˵ʲô
ʦ̬ðʼɫΣңԪӤƿһ
ʵDZߵĽޣ𣿡
ԼЦҲȫǡ
ۼ黫͵ʶɴĻˣĸǴ˵ģͲǸݲ
˵ڴիһģDzµĴ£ڽԼ˵ijλŮӽɡ
λŮӽɣʻһԪӤ
ͽһֱɵţ̾˿Դ棬ˣΪʦ˲ᣬһѡ
æͷֲʦһظۡ
뿪ɿڣ߽ۡͻȻߺޣ̲סһ䣬澣Һ£
һæѵʦСЩ
ԪӤ̾һʧɫԴ棬Ϊʦˮ˫֪ģȴǩǣпѧһڵIJ֮أ˫ޣΪʦпܴͣͰٶꡢȴʼ״һԪӤƿΪʦʲôûˣȥͩҶޣ˵ϯֱӿɽɣijʦǸң
ǰǵ⿴ֱڣˮʻ֣ǽĵݽ£ǺϷġ
ʵһСƬϼеʻۣ˼Ƭ̣ͷ¿ȷҲǸɫĻɫ
컨ĵϷͰǩɵǸŵˣһ㶼ûн뷨
ʻŲȥԪӤ
˵̰ʿȻãã࣬һ
̰ڡµи˵Ļ
ǾԲܰйʻĵߡ
ʦ½ڶĽۣ˭ʲô顣
ʻߵѥӣϣֻǩ
ǩ˵ŷ
Ĭãʻһ£û˵ϴԩ˺ɽһ
ǩҡҡͷδš
ʻüڽޣиҵң
ǩ½ϴԩ˺ɽʲôġô˵ǩһɵɵĺ˵ͷ
ǩ֮ɻȥܲһϢͨޣʱΪβӦǣ
ٲŵҲ֪һdzɽϵһ¿ٳIJԴijϢ
ʻЦǸͭˣܸ˭ֻϵһּκκôҪͬȼ۸ġǮϼƽϣҪϽˡ˭ռŵıˣȥĿԽDz̸ǮҾԽĻš
Ҿôȥ͢ú½֥
Է˵û塣ϵȻʾⰡпʼҾͣƭǰɣԺˣûޣ
ûԣҲʵϣ˵ʱûңпֱܻҵλ١
˵ʻЦƤԼʦ뷢ֶԷҲһζԼ
ʻһǩɶŮһԼˡ
ǩЦϲ𣿡
ʻҧгݵϲִϴⶼ廨ͷJǹͷʲô
ǩ㶡
ʻڰ֣ûСϢ
ʻԣһ֡Ľޡͺ鷳ˡ
DZԣСʮꡢģܻЩǻ廨ĴºţѾôˡ
ԣģǴԣӡ
ʻȴDzͬԶҪԣһ磬ϲ
ֱԣڹ豾ʻ뿪ɽ֮ǰҲԪӤ
ȶ˺Ȼߣʻ豾Ϻܿ͵õϢǼһҲƾˣȻһλˡ
ڴիſڰӵ˷ӣʵÿµԣԵʱǸСΤûʲôӣDZйЩ˺һὣޣǰڳ˭˵ʮ䡢һļơΨʻߣɶǴɫģڴףϦദһۡ
Ҫ˵̸£˶ˣԣⲻʻ߷ЩЩϣ棬ѧʡʻܲҧгݣĹεĶ治ﵱ°
ڽǣԣûмɻģӿ϶ȲŮӡʻսϳԣDz
˵廨Ĵºţʻȡġϲϼ廨ͷһ
ν֮ãȻãɰ
ʻĸҲòϣԼѧԣ
ֺֹһģ£һὣǣŮϲѧԣֳʽ
һֽɷɡ
仰Ͻɳ˵ġ
ʱڵУέ
έȻȥˣԣijɱսĿãԣи磬ﵱʱѾǽɡ
£ôŵԵġɲŮòԣʻŮ˫вò
ʻ˻ԴЩˡ
ǩǡ
ʻЦǩҪˣҵи顣
ǩѾӳʦã´磬ˮ
ڣϺˮ
ϺˮҲûʲôӹϵµˮȻûڣDz˾Ůߡ
ˮߣʻе·ԳǵɽˮʿһdzưķҡޱŮޣйޣϻ⡣
ҡһ䣬Թˣ˶ˮУ˾һ֣ںȻɽˮٳһͷ٣úܡ
ؼͬʱѲ˾IJ£ж֮ǰν顢ʵȨֵĴˡ
ǩȷԼʻһǵѡ
ʻֻ̼ҵ伮˱ò࣬λҡɽϹϡֻһʻ㣬ݹޣ
ٿǰλԼɣŮӼ˶ҪҼݼˣǩ빬ޣٺٺ١
Һշˣڵļ䣬Dzнٺ֡
̣ʻϽǵû˸ҸԼڶ
˭ǵһ괺ի÷ôûģһϯඡ
ݽ̨С˷뺣֣Сúʻһʦ̡
ССͣѾѧٴˡɽҪ·ijЩ֧Сﶼвιɷֺġ
˵ܹǸһ
ʻѣδĶ
ʻٵ⣬Լڡһй䲼ķּɡ
ʻ뿪ɽҡȥҡޣʱӹһȺɽˮߣڼʶ˸飬Ůйޣ豾
Ϳɽˮߵļҵף˵DzƿؾٵߵĴˣʦõĶʮӣûӹһ١
ЩɽƵ̵ۣŮרõͰʻתˣȫǮ
Ǯס
ʻʶһʱԽɽˮ߲ӡԴԺɽĸȡ
Ҳ٣ȫʻģֻȡˣҲˡ
Ǻиɾġ
֮ʻȥ˽ϼޣﲻ̸˽Ǯֻ˵ͷ
ǩ뿪ʦãʱҲû˼Ϳʼɽɢ
Ϊڵɽ˵ŵĵ죬ʵժһҪСǻҪռعģ
ǰʻţ˸״ӡ
ǸֳƵꡣʻΪתİʦһʽơע927¡ȡǧɽˮˣ
һ֡ǡһ濬顰Ȼ¡
棬С̡١֣ټһӬͷС֡
Ȼǰʦ顰ơǩˡ
ǩϲʶüƸС
żȻˮ˲μ£һ·壬ǰǶˣ˶ס
ʦ㣬Ҳǵȥɽƹˮֻһϣ˰ٰ㿴ʦǩ
˿ɽʦһλǩԼ֮棬֮ʱǧ֮ãֻǩѧڵġܽůʣ꾳ءȷDz֮أÿһֻᾫļѡˣڴڡһ֮ѧɣͻᱻ䡣
ʵڵλɽʦһأ˭Ǵɴ˷ôֻҪ˭ˣͿ
ǩݡλʦ㣬DzԸλ
ʦղһװûѧᣬһûѧᡣ
ǩ̾Ϣһ棬ǣϷ۱һ࣬ǵŮӣ߱¶
˵ʱ٣ΪʻԵʣЩͶʿǩˮߵĵմһΪڵɽУҪɽʿʶ㣬Ͼʱǵƹ£ֵǼҳ㷹һЩݿɲСϢҲ˵б۾ϲ潣ǽΣ˭˭ࡣ
ҲЩλٵģʺõ٩һͬţϲ˵һ䣬⣬߽ѧ٣ѹʮ
ʲõģľףࡣֲʱһ뻻Ůװ߳йȥսɱٴˡ
ǩɫ㱼䣬˿
عϽһӣɢǷ꼣
¹뺣ʲôڡ
м˵ģֻһһⲦԪϣͬڡԴʦͽλڣʵʡ
ڶԼĪǧˮ·һķ죬Ϊɵд֣Ϊʷеõ֮ʿɣʿڼô϶ģʦųô˵ģʦųijҲô˵ģʵһʿ˭˵ǣ˵˶ţˡ
λƽ̳һɽ幥ƽֺȻ֮Ҳǵλ˵ӣֻDZһͷռΪ˽˸ۡȵ糱ˮӿ˻ȥغ뵺ѵʿǣʰʰ־ȻܴպãһΪַıýγԱȡ
ڵڣʵ϶ԣСˡַҪĴ֮ЩһӶ徳żģܹԱܽٶߣٷؾɽţʵеҡ
ң뵱꣬Ŷʢʱɽ֮⣬ӵжʮ߸죬ÿһҪɹĸӹɸɣһɿڣֻÿɿڵСܹͬʱɶҷ㣬DZ߶иֻÿʮɼ˵ÿλʦλԿǰĹƿһɵɿڵġɱȨнٺ֮ڣԻ
ڸҪɴֻҪЩɴһ£Ǯ
һţٳƵģͬɽʿڣټЩ죬Ůۣһˡڱֳŵȣܼжʮ̨ףҲףͷ
ĵ죬ʢһɼұֻҪǵϸƲ⣬ԶƣӯˡڷУһָĴɸȵ糱ˮӿȻȳԵһ㲻ʣͺͺģȵԪӤڴһͽͽﷵأֻðȥڵˣԷɣҲʶȤֵõóĸš
ΪʦİͽʦĽԴ棬Ƽַǻں쳣֪ˣſֽɽˡ
չ˵֪߳ΪΣԪӤЩ鷳꣬ɢɢġ
ʦǹϢոŵԴæսҵʦ˼ҡ
ʦͽ˫һɽ̨ǸԶDZߡ
ԹžֲԶպõɽھӡ
̫ˣ̣̫ԶˣҲûνھӲھˡ
Զײڡټ˫Եʣϵһֱܺá
ȥƲڹ;߶ЪҲǺϴνƣʿ֣æתˮƲƯͬʱΪ꣬ÿ궼жʦõմӣֳͨ뺣ʸȥDZˮ
ԴСʵʦ£
ֻһڣԴ;˵˾ϻ
ʦ㱻һˣǰĻжţʦûµĻͲκãȱˡ
ԼIJǸ˵ʻѾš
ģûʲô£ΪʦֻһáֻDzһˣһıߡԼĿ档
Դԥһ£ʦ˵ڵմ㡣
㡣ʷϹʡáĽɡȻˣСӵDzdz
ϾϣΪڵһλš
˺д䣬֮κһλڵĵմŮޣ١ολ
ЦԼδģȷ˵ҰġƲɽռڣһֻߵؼˡлὫǽǵ⣬˾ͽεȻһӵ뻳С
Դ㵲ѣСӷ˰ɣ
ڣ㸵㡿˽ǣСѰ
ʦΪλ֪¡Ǹ˵ʦģΣԴ沢棬Ҳ̽
ڽѹһĺԪӤ䣬ָ궯ָģǽٻҡҰݣ
Сӣо˵һ롣ϧµ̫ﰡ
ʦ˵һ仰Դ˲䱳Ĵ
˫ֲ䣬ɫȻȻôǿͣѾͲزҴˡ
ؼžԴ浨սľƬ֮ԴȻԭʦھ硰һ㣬λ磬ת˲š
Ȼһλͷӣһֱת̧ſֱ̨Թ˵ǸȫɽʿǶʮ֮һˡѹֲҼҡڡѵڵĿɽʦɣأţ
ԴһãȻо֡λͨIJ֪ɳʵҾʲô֪
ޣɽڡ
Ż˵Ȯҹ˾
ߴ˼¸ױ
硣
һСǰһ굽ͷЯİֽɡ
ߵߣ̿ʱ֣ҵλͣСɴɡɡС
һ·ȥԿƿޡ¿ǼDZߡ
Сдʡ
ֽгŻ˵Լȡġ
һ̸˵㣬£ʼ
λɽݣ֪˭ݣ֮ǧڴ
ȻһλÿŮӡ
֮ŮģŮɴ䣬ǿбչأҪˣɽʧܣֻʬΪ
Ψһĺôܾ֮ǰòÿƯˡ
ŻԱƿľɱؽ磬һֻڿҿҡҵСֳ
һ峿ʱ֣ɽ·й䣬ȻͱһųӵŮײˡע631¡¡
֮С־ǸرϲԸ㡢ÿ½ˡ
СǰֽɡһʹӶDZдʡ
¡¡Ͼմӫ̿мϺϣʦ粮ĸְž䡭
Ż߶һλڣͼֲˡ
ȥЩСԼҼӵʣֵݣʵһƪھ
ɽүŸƨͻףըСһڸտ̯ǮǮ㡭
ɴžȤЦʵŻ˼Ȫӿ±ĸҥ
Сͣ¶DZ˽ҵġ˺þã˵Ͱҳˣ졣
ɴЦʵŻôˣ
Сûˡ
ЦνһСƽ
С˫ֲĹģŰɣǻ棬Ҫһȭ
ɴסЦ
һǰ棬ôûȭ
Сɻɶ
ЦЦûɶ
«ޣڣ£Сڴ
ƱչƾİѲɣһʽǸʿ֣ԷѣСȫˡ
ϣȷʵǺСǵİѣֶ˴ǰ·ɽɱʦ½ƽ̵ţŲס˵ġ
Ѿ㵱˺СҲǺСҵģעһ١
һɢ½ƽԸΪһأʵ˵ʲôʲô
ǰһֱ䣬ն˺Сһ
һ£СʱĶ࣬ȥĵر
ϾһλʮľĽ⡣
£˳졣
СȴްɥɫҾα
һУƶ˵
Ůӣǵĵŷֱ£ʼ
Ǿһʦһմ
ŸʼŮڣһֱʦƫģȡòˣʦĻôʲ
λʦģͷ߲¹һо䶼ֵǮӣ
³ɽɴּ«ټ
һո¿ɴ֮ϣΪδµļɣӴΪϯ״ɡ
һ˵иԪӤɴȻ豾á
Ŀäġϳӵ˵ֵȥ˹Уÿîӵġ
ȻԼľ磬Ŀͨ
ǼɰһȣžƾϯԺΪɴݻȤ
ԣһˣ˵ôûȤаڴϣҲܿˮ¡
˵Ҷɴȴȥ«ޣҪޡͷҡߡ
ԣ㶣һ˼ûͦġ
ʦصһɽ
Ҳķر«ޣķɽһЩʿͯǶȰɽͷ
Ϊ˱ʾ˴αչص֣£ӵɽһţϱߣ£ȥ˺ƹ
ЩԼ£ԡ
ͨоţɽľ֡
ȻŻˣɽһմʦͨٺ顣
ʵϣǻˮ
գ˼䣬Уȴһʵꡱ
ϵӡ
ӡ
½λʮľҸƶ֣
бµ
һɽĸڵļ飬¬
ϳűӴš
ɽ࣬ȻκҹΡгɽϵһ㣬ɽ¬ȴǹϵá
¬λ״ӣԪԪDZԼɡ
û뵽¬Ƥô˵һӣɽȥDZֺ̼ȭ
ֱӻһ⣬ɽ˳ɽؽ磬費Ҫμʤҹ硣
ɽУ·ϡ
ȡΪ¬ʼûΣÿСɽҰй䡣
һһѲɽбްĺСˣһֺķħ
Ǯ˵иɣУ־ͽɡ
ĵطֻҪһȭٰһֻ룬ŻƵͭǮ
ˡDZˡ
ħȭǮ̸Сˡţȭ뽣С衣
ı첽ߣ̧ȣȭѥλݣߺ߹
ϱߵĿھָһ룬ȭɨһƬȭȭɽͭǮҵ
ĬĬ뿪
ɫɽ·䡣һСһͯӣ൱
ͯӳɤӣǺ죬۸ߺ棬ں̣ޱߣ棬ȵСƣͨ죡
СĴָ
ŶŶͦѺϡ
ٴ˲ڣٸϽһġ
ʲôٴڳʱΪβʣɶģǽұΪ
ɣһˣ
ĺʱڣݳݺɣɽһľط·߶ǹͷӶŹӣ
ȵ纰ļٺھӣȵ˵شԹʱŻҷ棬ȻУ硣
ҡ´УɽڷĬĬ֡
ϹվԱߣһָһſשͷ͵µƾһִݸ壬Dzμӿƾ٣Խ
ȶСĿ꣬1סskjvvx;ֻĶַskjvvx
Ϲ˵ƶûôӡ
лԹԼˣ˵ɶϡܹ
ɽлСDZѧ˺ܶ˵
Ϲ˵չ´ɶϷ
лŷ
ԶλԳ֣˴ˡĵʿϲһ£˼ʿ֪
ĵжߣ۾жСжdz𡣸պգ
Сİȴͬ˵лĥ˽һ䣬˵λ˼亱Ĵʿ
Ȼ仰βǧȷֻмݣлԼȥģñٱ¼Ҫ»ߣ
Ϲ˵ʽḷ̌ԺСİ
л̽ʵж壿
ϹЦģĿ棬ֲֻõСİҲɡ
лͷ֣˹
ϹЦøˣþƣɽĴ֮
л˵£úܣɽѧ˺ܶΪ˴ļɣ˵Ʋϯ̸ʱǰ¡
Ϲԡ
лΣҲ̫Լϱˡ
˵úðľɽҪ꣬黨Ƴ档
ñŮ̳ƣæ⣬
ϹҲȡֻƸһֻ
лǻξƱﵹ˾ˮѵ˵˰ʲô˵òԵĵطһһ˵ɽڱչأɱϹ
Ϲ˵ľƷƶ
Ըóȡ
лգ࣬Сֹ׳˵
Ϲij̧̧°ͣҪˣλʲô
лúܣû꣬ôĨ˵ɽñŮһӣƱѣûܻģۣõúܣ·ϻˣһ
ϹƱһ
ҹһۣƽһֱڴ룬ǧټС֤ʮľ˪ΪС
֮ǰǽFǴͩҶ칬⣬ƽñȽϲңʧһѷ½
FһǷԲޣӵİѱɽ½̨λʦ֮һ
½̨ΪȴָߣǰF͡
Ϊõ½˪ѣƽλš̫ŮޣΪλڤµʮľѾ˳ƽġն̡͡
ڡò顱ޣƽϴڼ䣬һ棬Ȼһ±ȽɴĴڡζֻҪ֣һʨӲȫĽԲκκ칬ĻһսϾF̫ɱģƽɲһҪﲹޣɵԼЩݡ
ϴ۱һλʮľ͵Ϯʵ֤ƽδѣȷʵбҪ
ʦɢɽʿ飬ɾûôˡ
Ϊƽѹֶ֮һɫҳ漰ӵıҳǸҪģġ
dzֽѹƽ⼸Źɲȫ֮ߣλطʮĵն֮˳ͱȽ鷳
ֳֵƵŴȫ֮ߡܹһλʮľ֮µʿڶһȫǵָ
Ϲ̧̧ӣָһ㣬תͷҡ´ЦôﰵԣָһƤӵ£ƫƫҪװмֽԳơͨ
ñŮ䣬ġ
Ѿ֮ˡ
ŵĨ͵СֻͯǾɽóȷɱԶݣطˣզûͷء
Ϲʵѣˣ
лͷһеŵĺö
ϹʵԶŽûģ
л۵˵Ǽߡ
ϹʵɽƼأ
лװɵֻǸ
Ҫ벹ȫһƪҪöע1851¡ƿ
Ȼǰÿһѽ̲صĽݲظ
עġӡ뽣ǴĹϵݰɡ
Ϲ˵裬ˬ֮ϣŮ鰮Щʲô˿ܻ䣬ʵ˴˵
л۵ѣҪôĻҿɾ͡
ϵʿЦŶ
лѵһΣɾͲ˰
˸ݲĵմӣϲӣͲţϵʲôˡ
ǰɽʱߴɽؽ磬Ҫ磬һöȪĽһɡ
곤ڳƽصɽģ࣬ÿγУһңСܼůԿ״
ǻҲû룬ҵŻۣ۸ֲҪЩԺתԼҹӣתɫʦóԱ
ʵʱȪйصģһֻԹһöǻλȥʮ
ҳҲÿλǮ۸һαһθߣؼõģĽͭǮ
Լ֪£Ҳѵû˵ʲô
һλѼڶལм֣ȻDzƴֵϯˡ
ÿһۣιôϵǮֶˡˣô
˸©ѼĽ棬רŻǮˣæȥȪڹ
ΪͽĶȣΪǾֳɽӡܺãҲͶԴһֻ۱һֻˡ
ȥͩҶDZ߰µֹͷϣӵһлҪѲѵԶͨ
бˮֹǼߣڽް˵ȴǴ֮
л뿳ֹһˡ
š˭Ӷš
ֹδἰ֤֮ǰұһս꼰ں۵Ŀֲս֮УۼԶ֮һ
ԡֹţڴȪҦϵĻСԴԶⳡߵijꡣ
Ǹ뿪ߵֹǰĴڣͷְסֹԴ߱һֻе档
֪ΪΣλΡΡ£ֹ߾ɽĴڣǵûɱһͷˮʿڸֹһͨ
ǵijۣиδǰϵʿԷš»
֮ǰ̽סڴ꾩ǵĻ
ǰǰ⼸ĸɽûûĹ
ﵥ£СӿԲᣬòȥ
һ𣬻Ҫװɵգ
ɽӰݺ֮ʯţٲкա粻֣֣ƫƫС·ˣҪ֣
ƺɽȪڰɽһɵĻǡһɽˮС
ҲӦijͳijϱߣ˭дһɽˮطꣿע2180¡ˡ
ԽǾ鰮أԽ
ԶΣģɽԪйһֵʽע3860¡
λɽͽɽʮλ顰ߡ롰ߡһͨ
ħֱе豳һŽɫĵߣ£˷IJɱ
ɽڼ併Գİɮ˵ij֣Ԣβġ硣
뾲һλŮӡ·ͼҪõһ𰸣Ƕˮʹƽһ¡
ʱˮ⣬˼ĵɽôԶڼɽôطΪȥ벻ȥ
Ϲ˻ӣɢЩϣǸˣȥݽնͷDz֮°
лЦո˵龪һ
ϹƲƲ죬Ҫǰ˳λѵһƢҵ·ɱ˭ɱ
ȷ豾Уɱһڼֲ
СİͲ顣Сİˣƽ˵ˡ
֮ˣݣǻҲǸ
оײ㽭ܴģҲֺݵģݵģġ
ݵģûݵͷࡣ·ϣĪһͱˡ
л˵ôġˣɽһСĽ·ҲδػȥϹ˻ˮ
ϹЦأ
лϹи̲ѡ
˹գôɽźһ⣬һһ٣һһͣ˵ͦð
ƼǸ˫ȷɱ糵ꤵĺСϵʿЦ⣬ȴǻ࣬С˰
ǸİͯӣȻDz˵ġ
СǴģܵߣժбްһԶóɣɳþû˰
ϹǸģЦʵþǼ죿
Сһͱ˸ȷȻʱλͰɳˡ
ϹϸЦ⣬ͷˡ
лٴζСĿ
ɽһǿ˴ͣ
Ҫ֪ԶֻҪ䱦̲˼أdz˭ӶһԲϾDzֵɱУڶ֮ǰһ䡰ˣ
СӼתԥοڡ
Ϲ³˼ЦǸȻij˵Ǹǣ߿ʮľȻһݴġȻпʽΪ£һµشˣδе飬֮࣬ᣬ֪ôij˵ı棬˵ġ
£ۣΪӪij˵ˡٵڽ飬֮Ǽɽµһ˵ҦΪ£飬ܵöˣijò˶£ͿԲѴ֮ţط۷塣
СһֲĬĬ£Ժȥ顣
л̾ѣԭĵ£ôʹѹλƽʱԽ
Ϲ˵ʱһˣһʿĵǣҪ߳ġλ£ֶΣȥ
л䲻ʵλУ˰ɣ
Ϲбۿ
ƽභ뿪콣භһ
лŶһǾûϧ
Ϲ˵߹ڵطɽһᣬݣΪ徳ʿڵĵʵ⣬ԽõģԽҪ
ԭλšĸ߹£ڤ¹һˡ֮һɡǵͬΪοɹʮγΪһţϸ˵Сڴ֮ɽĶλ벻ͬľãβŽ⡣½˵ƪۣںδʵ
ʱɽڼ࣬ͨˮ£ڤʮݵʿԿŵ
ֻǵʱ߹´˴ǴԡϹ۽;綼DZߣУЩջ
л۾һȣɶԽõģں˰ֱӱҵ־
˯˵ͷлν̲ء
ϹͳһöݸôôŤñŮѵպá
лǰ㣬ͷϹϾ˫ֽӹö
ϹƤɽż죬ˣ
лֽ֮һ
Ϲ˵λɽѧˣݡ⣬ټϴ˵̫㲻ģ塣
л˵ӵģ㲻˼ףٵߵҲһȷһ˵ҲǸοٷһ֤Ƚһų⣬Ҳѹɣȫˡ⻰˵ò
˵һ䲻ӣֻǿϵʿСİֿѵϣˣñѼdz𣬻ȥСİDZ˵ԼĻ
ϹĬӣáСİΪ£ȷʵ˭˭ûʲô¼ޣ亱䡣
ֻ⸱٣ǰDz̫رˡ
лȻΪԼɽִˡ
ϹƳijأ´ѣνIJģôչصģ
ҡ´DZߣǴڳĬãǺòֳĵĴǣǰйŷߣɷ
ϹЦһվС
л˸ãڳϣ˫ֱȭ˻Σѹ
Ϲȡһ֧ᣬллתУԤףĵӺϵɡ
ллѰ㲻⣬ᣬһϱֻǻīࡣ
ӡġ徻ϸӡǹۡ
л¾ᣬ̧첲һ̧ͷʵܻܲ
Ϲʵ˯СİҪã
ñŮæתͷޣdzţϵŭĿ˵ɶأأŲԺҲСİȥȾƣ
ϹЦǺǡ
ߴһš
ڣ߳ƽǰҹνϣһ˫ָסǼʺ취ۣһЦ´ѡ
ƽɱĿš
۽ǣסЦʵԺˣҲҪǰô
ƽȻ㵽ʮľҪǰ
ȥæ¡
ԼĪʱ
Ȼˡ
ΰϵʿϢ̫龳С
ƽվ˸
ȵƽֱϹڰ֣ˣƶɽǻġ
ƽһʱҭ
ϹҲλ´ѷϻ䣬żɽƶڴƬ̣ⲻϵģв©ȱǡ
֮ʣϹƽһ׳ȭͷ£ϡˡȵ̳һ£ʣµı߽ϣ͵Ŀ̹ˡ
ǹϽIJݣDZߣии飬ͲʺܺáĽˣǼʶڴľ۵ĴɣóϷ̳һ¹һ߿Ϳ̵ǧԣĵ̡һ²ɡ
һ߿̣ƪóĴʫɡ
ƽѾֽһضϽ˫ָס⣬ԴΪ̵
һϱߣǰڷһֻ¯һֻ
Щͷһѵʮŷ
ƽµĶΪͣɴ˿ɼӡ²ʵļͳ̶ȣʤĥʯ
ƽ̧ͷʵʱ̣ǰܵȣлȥڤ£
ϹȻͰ߲ƶǰҪҶɴĹ켣ʱ˲ƶȥ
ƽĬɫ糣ͷСʯ
ԶϹУֻʥֻභ
ƽרעÿһҪΣ£նʯϹƤ£˲Ż͵ϡ
£һ漣ϹץУֱӷҳȻȫǿհס
Ϲҳһ˫ָ£ȫƣֳŷֵע
ɣһŷΪšǸ߹´֮һ
֮˵һţʵʮĴ֮
֮ʿĴڡ
ÿһŴĻƣǧѣĹЧԽǾԽҪ֮ȼۡĽ
ҪĵIJ˵УߣҪĻ֮˵Ĺºˡ
ƽ䵶ô䣬µijΣЪƬ̣ʵЩֶΣס͵Ϯ
Ϲûż𰸣ִӰסһЦЦͬһζ̰ʲôѧʲôķΨѧϰʣպϣܴ½DZѧһ֡Ȼƻܵøǿơֻ½ҲǴʦDZߵġšѧģǴһ漣ˣͬٷ£һʧ棬ߣֹһ֣ǡ
Ϲץһ½״ġͷٺȻ㿿Щֶ߰ΣټеС˼նʬ֮죬ţնʬϺȻһ㹻֧ŵˣǡǰֻᱦɱˣͬʱҲ뱻Сץȥֳη
ƽʵܣᱻ
ϹЦȻΪô£Բذ
ƽæµ
ϹץϱڰڷŵŴ½ı·˪ټŰվαʿյĿ꣬ܰ˴ˡôıǮ˽̹ãΪһðСʿڹԲ֤֮
ƽͷҲ̧ЦУ֮¡
ϹʵΪβѧһѧɽźַ
ƽεѧᡣ
Ϲҡҡͷ
Ȼвͬ
ƽᣬʵǰȭиʵ˵˵ʮſ飬صɽɽԽ
Ϲϳƽøƶ߶ЩѧŵԼĥȥҪŴƶ֤ʲôˡ
֮ƽĬʯ£ڳˡ߽ϣ治١
ϹͷԿˡ
ƽԥһ£ʵ˵ǧԣһdzɣҿ̲ʱûա
Ϲ棬ƶףͲ֣ɽûиҹ𰡡
ƽκΣǰԼ뵽ʯ˼Ӳ䤱ɲα
ϹЦⷽӡţ´ȥڤ£Լȥɽ顣
ƽظǧԲҺµ֣һµı߿ʫǻŸʲô̲ˣǽд⣡
Ϲ˵߿ԼԲ̡ȴҪġƶߡ
ƽһʱԣĬƬ̣ʲôݡ
ϹЦҲһ仰
ƽϽ˵ֱܲǰⷽӡ£
Ϲ˵ȷԼ𣿡
ƽС˵ǷвУ
Ϲʵأ
ƽ˵һ䣬ҾúⰡ
ϹЦ
ƽľ仰
СİˣСİڳͺˡ
Ϲ˵ڤ¸Ȼ³ƽͬͬͬ
ƽͷƤ飬ĬĬ̧֣˲ͷˮۡ
ʸƨʣ϶Ǹǡ
ǰ˵߾ٻɽͳԹġ
ƽ̽ʵܻܲ˵Щ确ͬǽޡ
ϹЦʵƶɴ߶죬ɽ˻ƶ㻤һɽ̸
ƽ
ϹЦǾͻ˵
ƽ⡣
Ϲ˵ɡڤ¸Ȼ³ƽͬǽͬͬͬ
ƽһأ˫Ÿڰϱߡ
զզģӲźˡ
ǰмƽҪܹΡֱϢһķ
ɾʵڵˣ̧䣬šҹԴʹãȫµѡ
ֻѳƽܵķνΣҲԵģƽ˾ֳ൱һλɽͷֻƭˡ
ʵԤģ٣ֻڳµߣ˲ö§һֶַΣ
ʱҲʳƽȥ
ҲϹɽDZߣԳɽչԵɡ
λ䡱С˶ҽӴСġҹֱȥϺڣͩҶв£«ڡ
ڵؽ磬ûмԦֻյǰƽǼԣɽ츽Ƽ˼羮ڵߣԭмλ徳ʿڴ˴ڵڵ̯֣ˮһˮġ˰죬òײҵһȻĺ㣬Ѿҧʿ֮ǰһҡҹڣ۵糸ȥɲǼ㸹С
ү
ԭ㶼ѾҧѹˣҲûи
С˶ֻ֣뿪Ԧɴˮǻҧڱߡ
λʧ֮۵ĸ֣֪ͣȻոˣɼ˷ܲѣְٰʧ䣬Ȼ˷߶һ䣬϶ٰĴ㣡
ϵĶԻƽѾסһ֣кز
һȣĺƽҪ̲סֱӼԦɴϰˡ
ǰܾ֮˻ǴκֶͨΣͬˣζš
ץסᣬһ㸹Уٱλץסһ̫С˺С
дʣȥҳǹ
ʦأ
㲻˾ɣ
ҺʦһԵʿһ㣬ֶ¨
ںʦǸҪ˼㣬װԼ¨
һ·¨ѣһֻˮף˵Ͽ磬ѺȵСơ
Ǽͣʿֻ٣ʶסǰŵմӵĴ
ǰ֮ƽؽ֮˲Ǯͼֽɽˡ
һţӭdzе£Ѱ徳ʿΪ£ʻȴС
ǩһʼʻʤ䷳һ˳ģҪɻݡ
һϲô˽Ӧǩ˴㣬æͣר
ʻȴǩһߴȥǼ棬Ͱѻ˵ˣҪ˭˭ҪͰЩ˻ҪǧټЩܴĻ⣬䳡˵ˣŵģֻЩ𣿶Ǯ
ǵӲŮƣʻеٮٮߣòͳʣټװξζ
ǩⱲùȹۣ֬һܶûʻڶ̶һڸöࡣ
ʦ£ҪһеĿ٣ҪҪѡַڱżپһЩڱȽԶɼҵ졢ССɣΪڵķɸѡʣ¼ȡ
һijʱ˵Ĺױݣͷһ֧βɵһֻΩΩФʺѡ
ʦãֳ¾Ӫɽͷ
ʻԡաڣǴһʡױġܼλʿλޣͷ
ʵѾһλ豾ʻԼԪӤƿѣ֪µģʱֻǩ
ʻⲦĸˡǩؽڣν¼Ϸɣ¼ڲʿܼƲˡһʦãǫ̃ģֻһԪӤĽ
λԾɱԪӤתȥռˣڵļһǩҵʱȻ˵ҪΪ£÷ּˣһ׳ڡϹȥȥ˫һȴҲԸǩ˵Ȼκһλ豾ͷһ֣ô֪ԪӤ˵ɱҲýˡ
ʻ˵ǵ͵ֽΪ硣
ǩҲգ˵ʵֻдDzĶһ;ǩȷʵһͿ
ʻʱ˵˾ֻǩʵȫԷƱɱһ£ûôֻһٶˣḻˣǩһλز¶Ĵ˵ָ֣Ĵʦ豾ɵ˶·硣
ǩˣҲûģҵ棬ֻļο֮
ʻھеλϣŹǷ±ߵ£ʵ
ǩȪͷѽΣDZ̸顣
ⲦѫһģˡϲƵģ߶λòŮġ
ijЩҪͶɵТǮŮˣ߶͡
ʻǸڵİ֣ϯڣΣٴУĿбӡ
ɫdzʵˡ
ֻΪΪʻǰôݹ٣ɵһ棬ûѰ䣬λΪżæŸӭӵԪӤͰһ
ʻһ䣬
ԪӤסΣ˼Ƭ̣ĬȻͷ
ʻһ䣬ᣬҪҪ˳뺣
ԪӤǻ뿪ȫˣ˳뺹֡
ʻû˵
ԪӤ˵ԼԸһ꣬ٺ»ûģҲû˵ʲô׳ƭʻġ
ʻͷԣһĺáֻҪǸܹһֱǮģһȥ
ʻЦѶԷԺٸʦڼ䣬ǩӣʹ꣬Ͱȶ
ԪӤֻ˵һԲˡ
ʻЦѣ˵㲻ұ֤ʲôһС¡ϵܷģẦι㡣
ʱΪɱʦҲǸһ·ܽٵĵӣ˾ֻԹۡһԲ
һССĸΪʦִ䣬亦Լû˵ڵİ䣬ʦ
ȵʻȥһӣʿɲʦŲСʵʦ𣿡
û˵ʲô
ʦ̬ðʼɫΣңԪӤƿһ
ʵDZߵĽޣ𣿡
ԼЦҲȫǡ
ۼ黫͵ʶɴĻˣĸǴ˵ģͲǸݲ
˵ڴիһģDzµĴ£ڽԼ˵ijλŮӽɡ
λŮӽɣʻһԪӤ
ͽһֱɵţ̾˿Դ棬ˣΪʦ˲ᣬһѡ
æͷֲʦһظۡ
뿪ɿڣ߽ۡͻȻߺޣ̲סһ䣬澣Һ£
һæѵʦСЩ
ԪӤ̾һʧɫԴ棬Ϊʦˮ˫֪ģȴǩǣпѧһڵIJ֮أ˫ޣΪʦпܴͣͰٶꡢȴʼ״һԪӤƿΪʦʲôûˣȥͩҶޣ˵ϯֱӿɽɣijʦǸң
ǰǵ⿴ֱڣˮʻ֣ǽĵݽ£ǺϷġ
ʵһСƬϼеʻۣ˼Ƭ̣ͷ¿ȷҲǸɫĻɫ
컨ĵϷͰǩɵǸŵˣһ㶼ûн뷨
ʻŲȥԪӤ
˵̰ʿȻãã࣬һ
̰ڡµи˵Ļ
ǾԲܰйʻĵߡ
ʦ½ڶĽۣ˭ʲô顣
ʻߵѥӣϣֻǩ
ǩ˵ŷ
Ĭãʻһ£û˵ϴԩ˺ɽһ
ǩҡҡͷδš
ʻüڽޣиҵң
ǩ½ϴԩ˺ɽʲôġô˵ǩһɵɵĺ˵ͷ
ǩ֮ɻȥܲһϢͨޣʱΪβӦǣ
ٲŵҲ֪һdzɽϵһ¿ٳIJԴijϢ
ʻЦǸͭˣܸ˭ֻϵһּκκôҪͬȼ۸ġǮϼƽϣҪϽˡ˭ռŵıˣȥĿԽDz̸ǮҾԽĻš
Ҿôȥ͢ú½֥
Է˵û塣ϵȻʾⰡпʼҾͣƭǰɣԺˣûޣ
ûԣҲʵϣ˵ʱûңпֱܻҵλ١
˵ʻЦƤԼʦ뷢ֶԷҲһζԼ
ʻһǩɶŮһԼˡ
ǩЦϲ𣿡
ʻҧгݵϲִϴⶼ廨ͷJǹͷʲô
ǩ㶡
ʻڰ֣ûСϢ
ʻԣһ֡Ľޡͺ鷳ˡ
DZԣСʮꡢģܻЩǻ廨ĴºţѾôˡ
ԣģǴԣӡ
ʻȴDzͬԶҪԣһ磬ϲ
ֱԣڹ豾ʻ뿪ɽ֮ǰҲԪӤ
ȶ˺Ȼߣʻ豾Ϻܿ͵õϢǼһҲƾˣȻһλˡ
ڴիſڰӵ˷ӣʵÿµԣԵʱǸСΤûʲôӣDZйЩ˺һὣޣǰڳ˭˵ʮ䡢һļơΨʻߣɶǴɫģڴףϦദһۡ
Ҫ˵̸£˶ˣԣⲻʻ߷ЩЩϣ棬ѧʡʻܲҧгݣĹεĶ治ﵱ°
ڽǣԣûмɻģӿ϶ȲŮӡʻսϳԣDz
˵廨Ĵºţʻȡġϲϼ廨ͷһ
ν֮ãȻãɰ
ʻĸҲòϣԼѧԣ
ֺֹһģ£һὣǣŮϲѧԣֳʽ
һֽɷɡ
仰Ͻɳ˵ġ
ʱڵУέ
έȻȥˣԣijɱսĿãԣи磬ﵱʱѾǽɡ
£ôŵԵġɲŮòԣʻŮ˫вò
ʻ˻ԴЩˡ
ǩǡ
ʻЦǩҪˣҵи顣
ǩѾӳʦã´磬ˮ
ڣϺˮ
ϺˮҲûʲôӹϵµˮȻûڣDz˾Ůߡ
ˮߣʻе·ԳǵɽˮʿһdzưķҡޱŮޣйޣϻ⡣
ҡһ䣬Թˣ˶ˮУ˾һ֣ںȻɽˮٳһͷ٣úܡ
ؼͬʱѲ˾IJ£ж֮ǰν顢ʵȨֵĴˡ
ǩȷԼʻһǵѡ
ʻֻ̼ҵ伮˱ò࣬λҡɽϹϡֻһʻ㣬ݹޣ
ٿǰλԼɣŮӼ˶ҪҼݼˣǩ빬ޣٺٺ١
Һշˣڵļ䣬Dzнٺ֡
̣ʻϽǵû˸ҸԼڶ
˭ǵһ괺ի÷ôûģһϯඡ
ݽ̨С˷뺣֣Сúʻһʦ̡
ССͣѾѧٴˡɽҪ·ijЩ֧Сﶼвιɷֺġ
˵ܹǸһ
ʻѣδĶ
ʻٵ⣬Լڡһй䲼ķּɡ
ʻ뿪ɽҡȥҡޣʱӹһȺɽˮߣڼʶ˸飬Ůйޣ豾
Ϳɽˮߵļҵף˵DzƿؾٵߵĴˣʦõĶʮӣûӹһ١
ЩɽƵ̵ۣŮרõͰʻתˣȫǮ
Ǯס
ʻʶһʱԽɽˮ߲ӡԴԺɽĸȡ
Ҳ٣ȫʻģֻȡˣҲˡ
Ǻиɾġ
֮ʻȥ˽ϼޣﲻ̸˽Ǯֻ˵ͷ
ǩ뿪ʦãʱҲû˼Ϳʼɽɢ
Ϊڵɽ˵ŵĵ죬ʵժһҪСǻҪռعģ
ǰʻţ˸״ӡ
ǸֳƵꡣʻΪתİʦһʽơע927¡ȡǧɽˮˣ
һ֡ǡһ濬顰Ȼ¡
棬С̡١֣ټһӬͷС֡
Ȼǰʦ顰ơǩˡ
ǩϲʶüƸС
żȻˮ˲μ£һ·壬ǰǶˣ˶ס
ʦ㣬Ҳǵȥɽƹˮֻһϣ˰ٰ㿴ʦǩ
˿ɽʦһλǩԼ֮棬֮ʱǧ֮ãֻǩѧڵġܽůʣ꾳ءȷDz֮أÿһֻᾫļѡˣڴڡһ֮ѧɣͻᱻ䡣
ʵڵλɽʦһأ˭Ǵɴ˷ôֻҪ˭ˣͿ
ǩݡλʦ㣬DzԸλ
ʦղһװûѧᣬһûѧᡣ
ǩ̾Ϣһ棬ǣϷ۱һ࣬ǵŮӣ߱¶
˵ʱ٣ΪʻԵʣЩͶʿǩˮߵĵմһΪڵɽУҪɽʿʶ㣬Ͼʱǵƹ£ֵǼҳ㷹һЩݿɲСϢҲ˵б۾ϲ潣ǽΣ˭˭ࡣ
ҲЩλٵģʺõ٩һͬţϲ˵һ䣬⣬߽ѧ٣ѹʮ
ʲõģľףࡣֲʱһ뻻Ůװ߳йȥսɱٴˡ
ǩɫ㱼䣬˿
عϽһӣɢǷ꼣
¹뺣ʲôڡ
м˵ģֻһһⲦԪϣͬڡԴʦͽλڣʵʡ
ڶԼĪǧˮ·һķ죬Ϊɵд֣Ϊʷеõ֮ʿɣʿڼô϶ģʦųô˵ģʦųijҲô˵ģʵһʿ˭˵ǣ˵˶ţˡ
λƽ̳һɽ幥ƽֺȻ֮Ҳǵλ˵ӣֻDZһͷռΪ˽˸ۡȵ糱ˮӿ˻ȥغ뵺ѵʿǣʰʰ־ȻܴպãһΪַıýγԱȡ
ڵڣʵ϶ԣСˡַҪĴ֮ЩһӶ徳żģܹԱܽٶߣٷؾɽţʵеҡ
ң뵱꣬Ŷʢʱɽ֮⣬ӵжʮ߸죬ÿһҪɹĸӹɸɣһɿڣֻÿɿڵСܹͬʱɶҷ㣬DZ߶иֻÿʮɼ˵ÿλʦλԿǰĹƿһɵɿڵġɱȨнٺ֮ڣԻ
ڸҪɴֻҪЩɴһ£Ǯ
һţٳƵģͬɽʿڣټЩ죬Ůۣһˡڱֳŵȣܼжʮ̨ףҲףͷ
ĵ죬ʢһɼұֻҪǵϸƲ⣬ԶƣӯˡڷУһָĴɸȵ糱ˮӿȻȳԵһ㲻ʣͺͺģȵԪӤڴһͽͽﷵأֻðȥڵˣԷɣҲʶȤֵõóĸš
ΪʦİͽʦĽԴ棬Ƽַǻں쳣֪ˣſֽɽˡ
չ˵֪߳ΪΣԪӤЩ鷳꣬ɢɢġ
ʦǹϢոŵԴæսҵʦ˼ҡ
ʦͽ˫һɽ̨ǸԶDZߡ
ԹžֲԶպõɽھӡ
̫ˣ̣̫ԶˣҲûνھӲھˡ
Զײڡټ˫Եʣϵһֱܺá
ȥƲڹ;߶ЪҲǺϴνƣʿ֣æתˮƲƯͬʱΪ꣬ÿ궼жʦõմӣֳͨ뺣ʸȥDZˮ
ԴСʵʦ£
ֻһڣԴ;˵˾ϻ
ʦ㱻һˣǰĻжţʦûµĻͲκãȱˡ
ԼIJǸ˵ʻѾš
ģûʲô£ΪʦֻһáֻDzһˣһıߡԼĿ档
Դԥһ£ʦ˵ڵմ㡣
㡣ʷϹʡáĽɡȻˣСӵDzdz
ϾϣΪڵһλš
˺д䣬֮κһλڵĵմŮޣ١ολ
ЦԼδģȷ˵ҰġƲɽռڣһֻߵؼˡлὫǽǵ⣬˾ͽεȻһӵ뻳С
Դ㵲ѣСӷ˰ɣ
ڣ㸵㡿˽ǣСѰ
ʦΪλ֪¡Ǹ˵ʦģΣԴ沢棬Ҳ̽
ڽѹһĺԪӤ䣬ָ궯ָģǽٻҡҰݣ
Сӣо˵һ롣ϧµ̫ﰡ
ʦ˵һ仰Դ˲䱳Ĵ
˫ֲ䣬ɫȻȻôǿͣѾͲزҴˡ
ؼžԴ浨սľƬ֮ԴȻԭʦھ硰һ㣬λ磬ת˲š
Ȼһλͷӣһֱת̧ſֱ̨Թ˵ǸȫɽʿǶʮ֮һˡѹֲҼҡڡѵڵĿɽʦɣأţ
ԴһãȻо֡λͨIJ֪ɳʵҾʲô֪
ޣɽڡ
Ż˵Ȯҹ˾
ߴ˼¸ױ
硣
һСǰһ굽ͷЯİֽɡ
ߵߣ̿ʱ֣ҵλͣСɴɡɡС
һ·ȥԿƿޡ¿ǼDZߡ
Сдʡ
ֽгŻ˵Լȡġ
һ̸˵㣬£ʼ
λɽݣ֪˭ݣ֮ǧڴ
ȻһλÿŮӡ
֮ŮģŮɴ䣬ǿбչأҪˣɽʧܣֻʬΪ
Ψһĺôܾ֮ǰòÿƯˡ
ŻԱƿľɱؽ磬һֻڿҿҡҵСֳ
һ峿ʱ֣ɽ·й䣬ȻͱһųӵŮײˡע631¡¡
֮С־ǸرϲԸ㡢ÿ½ˡ
СǰֽɡһʹӶDZдʡ
¡¡Ͼմӫ̿мϺϣʦ粮ĸְž䡭
Ż߶һλڣͼֲˡ
ȥЩСԼҼӵʣֵݣʵһƪھ
ɽүŸƨͻףըСһڸտ̯ǮǮ㡭
ɴžȤЦʵŻ˼Ȫӿ±ĸҥ
Сͣ¶DZ˽ҵġ˺þã˵Ͱҳˣ졣
ɴЦʵŻôˣ
Сûˡ
ЦνһСƽ
С˫ֲĹģŰɣǻ棬Ҫһȭ
ɴסЦ
һǰ棬ôûȭ
Сɻɶ
ЦЦûɶ
«ޣڣ£Сڴ
ƱչƾİѲɣһʽǸʿ֣ԷѣСȫˡ
ϣȷʵǺСǵİѣֶ˴ǰ·ɽɱʦ½ƽ̵ţŲס˵ġ
Ѿ㵱˺СҲǺСҵģעһ١
һɢ½ƽԸΪһأʵ˵ʲôʲô
ǰһֱ䣬ն˺Сһ
һ£СʱĶ࣬ȥĵر
ϾһλʮľĽ⡣
£˳졣
СȴްɥɫҾα
һУƶ˵
Ůӣǵĵŷֱ£ʼ
Ǿһʦһմ
ŸʼŮڣһֱʦƫģȡòˣʦĻôʲ
λʦģͷ߲¹һо䶼ֵǮӣ
³ɽɴּ«ټ
һո¿ɴ֮ϣΪδµļɣӴΪϯ״ɡ
һ˵иԪӤɴȻ豾á
Ŀäġϳӵ˵ֵȥ˹Уÿîӵġ
ȻԼľ磬Ŀͨ
ǼɰһȣžƾϯԺΪɴݻȤ
ԣһˣ˵ôûȤаڴϣҲܿˮ¡
˵Ҷɴȴȥ«ޣҪޡͷҡߡ
ԣ㶣һ˼ûͦġ
ʦصһɽ
Ҳķر«ޣķɽһЩʿͯǶȰɽͷ
Ϊ˱ʾ˴αչص֣£ӵɽһţϱߣ£ȥ˺ƹ
ЩԼ£ԡ
ͨоţɽľ֡
ȻŻˣɽһմʦͨٺ顣
ʵϣǻˮ
գ˼䣬Уȴһʵꡱ
ϵӡ
ӡ
½λʮľҸƶ֣
бµ
һɽĸڵļ飬¬
ϳűӴš
ɽ࣬ȻκҹΡгɽϵһ㣬ɽ¬ȴǹϵá
¬λ״ӣԪԪDZԼɡ
û뵽¬Ƥô˵һӣɽȥDZֺ̼ȭ
ֱӻһ⣬ɽ˳ɽؽ磬費Ҫμʤҹ硣
ɽУ·ϡ
ȡΪ¬ʼûΣÿСɽҰй䡣
һһѲɽбްĺСˣһֺķħ
Ǯ˵иɣУ־ͽɡ
ĵطֻҪһȭٰһֻ룬ŻƵͭǮ
ˡDZˡ
ħȭǮ̸Сˡţȭ뽣С衣
ı첽ߣ̧ȣȭѥλݣߺ߹
ϱߵĿھָһ룬ȭɨһƬȭȭɽͭǮҵ
ĬĬ뿪
ɫɽ·䡣һСһͯӣ൱
ͯӳɤӣǺ죬۸ߺ棬ں̣ޱߣ棬ȵСƣͨ죡
СĴָ
ŶŶͦѺϡ
ٴ˲ڣٸϽһġ
ʲôٴڳʱΪβʣɶģǽұΪ
ɣһˣ
ĺʱڣݳݺɣɽһľط·߶ǹͷӶŹӣ
ȵ纰ļٺھӣȵ˵شԹʱŻҷ棬ȻУ硣
ҡ´УɽڷĬĬ֡
ϹվԱߣһָһſשͷ͵µƾһִݸ壬Dzμӿƾ٣Խ
ȶСĿ꣬1סskjvvx;ֻĶַskjvvx